294 BULLETIN 203, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



twig screened the nest from above, one leaf forming a complete 

 canopy over the nest, the tip of it being tucked into the rim. It was 

 made largely of materials similar to those in the one previously 

 described, there being three large feathers on the rim and many small 

 feathers in the lining. 



The only other nest I have ever seen was found on the island of 

 Grand Manan, New Brunswick, on June 11, 1891 ; it was placed only 

 3 feet from the ground between two horizontal branches and against 

 the trunk of a small spruce beside a cowpath in coniferous woods. 

 It was a compact, deeply hollowed, structure made of fine twigs, mosses, 

 birch bark, strips of inner bark, and weed stems, and it was lined 

 with white cowhair and a few feathers. 



There is a set in my collection, given to me by Fred H. Carpenter, 

 said to have been taken from a nest only 8 inches from the ground 

 in a small red cedar in an old neglected pasture in Rehoboth, Mass. 

 The nest, now before me, seems to be typical of the species. 



The nests mentioned in some notes sent to me by Miss Cordelia J. 

 Stanwood, of Ellsworth, Maine, were in spruces or hemlocks at low 

 or moderate heights, but Knight (1908) says that "near Bangor 

 the species builds fifty to seventy feet up in the larger, taller pine 

 trees." Eobie W. Tufts tells me that, of some 20 or 30 nests that he 

 has seen in Nova Scotia, "all have been built in conifers, including 

 hemlock, spruce, and pine." In New York and Pennsylvania, hem- 

 locks seem to be the favorite nesting trees, but nests are sometimes 

 placed in beeches or yellow birches ; the nests in hemlocks are usually 

 placed on horizontal branches at a considerable height from the ground 

 and generally well hidden in the foliage. A nest examined by Dr. 

 George M. Sutton (1928) at Pymatuning Swamp "was saddled on a 

 horizontal bough only about twenty-five feet from the ground, in a 

 comparatively small hemlock. The nest was very deep and beautifully 

 constructed, its lining including bits of hair, fur, and soft feathers, 

 and its foundational material consisting chiefly of slender and uniform 

 twigs of dead hemlock." 



The two nests studied by F. A. Pitelka (1940), in northern lower 

 Michigan, were on horizontal branches of Norway pines {Pinus 

 resinosa) , 23 and 12 feet from the ground, respectively. The materials 

 used in the nests were largely similar to those mentioned above, with 

 the addition of woollike plant fibers and short pine twigs in the 

 lining, and with "a considerable quantity of hypnaceous mosses and 

 bits of birch bark" used as trimmings. 



Dr. Paul Harrington writes to me : "I have found this bird nesting 

 in pure deciduous forests on two occasions." One nest was 40 feet 

 up in the crotch of an ironwood, and the other was 20 feet from the 

 ground in a small elm, both in Ontario. Edward R. Ford has sent 



