292 BULLETIN 2 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



pitch pines {Pinus rigida) or in old neglected pastures and hillsides 

 where there is a scattered growth of red cedars {Juniperus virgin- 

 iana) . 



Gerald Thayer wrote to Dr. Chapman (1907) that, in the Monad- 

 nock region of New Hampshire, the black-throated green warbler is 

 "a very common or abundant summer bird through all the region, 

 high and low ; ranging from the pine woods of the lowest valleys to 

 the half open copses of spruce and mountain ash along Monadnock's 

 rocky ridge— 2,500 to 3,160 feet. * * * Though decidedly a forest 

 Warbler, it favors second growth, and pasture-bordering copses, 

 rather than the very heavy timber, and is particularly partial to dry 

 white pine woods." 



Farther north, in the Canadian Zone, these warblers are at home in 

 the forests of spruce and fir, but even here they seem to prefer pines, if 

 they can find them, for Ora W. Knight (1908) says that in Maine "in 

 the breeding season they resort to the pine woods by preference, and 

 as a result are rather common in the pine barrens of the coastal plain. 

 Inland the species is common, and while preferring the pines still, 

 also occurs in rather open mixed woods where cedars, hemlocks and 

 spruces predominate, and in northern Maine is found in spruce woods, 

 seemingly because no other kinds are available." 



Farther west, in northern Michigan, this warbler breeds on the 

 open jack pine plains and in mixed growths containing a fair per- 

 centage of other conifers. Frank A. Pitelka (1940b) writes : "During 

 the breeding season the Black-throated Green Warbler is one of the 

 more frequent Compsothlypids in the conifer regions of northern 

 lower Michigan, though it is by no means to be included among the 

 common birds. Locally it occurs in spruces of mature bog communi- 

 ties and in upland developmental forests of mixed pine and deciduous 

 growth." 



In western Pennsylvania, "its local breeding range is correlated 

 rather closely with the distribution of the white pine and the hemlock. 

 Where these conifers prevail, the Black-throated Green appears, al- 

 though in the mountains it is by no means averse to hardwood timber, 

 if high and dense" (Todd, 1940). And, in the Pymatuning Swamp 

 region, "wherever tall black birches and equally tall, slender hemlocks 

 grew side by side, the Black-throated Green Warblers were almost 

 sure to be found, and no less than twenty pairs were located" (Sutton, 

 1928). Kef erring to the central Allegheny Mountain region. Prof. 

 Maurice Brooks (1940) says that "this species, in its distribution 

 within our area, presents one of the most puzzling problems with 

 which we have to deal. It occurs everywhere at high elevations, in 

 spruce, hemlock, northern hardwoods, white pine, oak-pine scrub, and 

 oak-hickory." 



