NORTHERN AND MARYLAND YELLOWTHROATS 559 



M. B. Trautman (1940) writes of the fall migration at Buckeye 

 Lake, Ohio, as follows : "Upon a few occasions the chip note of night 

 migrating birds was recognized as early as late July, and a few ap- 

 parent transients were seen dropping earthward in the early morn- 

 ings. Evidence of migration was always apparent by August 10. 

 The peak of migration took place between late August and late Sep- 

 tember, and then the species was as abundant as in spring. It dis- 

 appeared between October 5 and November 2." At Oneida Lake, 

 N. Y., according to D. Stoner (1932) fall migration begins in Sep- 

 tember and by mid-October practically all of the birds have left the 

 territory. 



At the Florida lighthouses, where specimens have been recovered, 

 thus making it certain that individuals of the northern yellowthroat 

 are migrating, the first birds appear about the middle of September. 

 They are reported to reach Cuba during the last two weeks of the 

 month. The earliest arrivals reach Jamaica the first week of Oc- 

 tober and have been reported in Nicaragua during the last week of 

 October. 



Winter. — The winter ranges of the northern and Maryland yellow- 

 throats overlap to a great extent. The records are confusing in certain 

 cases, and we cannot be sure that the races are properly designated. 

 The northern yellowthroat winters from southern United States to 

 the Bahamas and the West Indies and through eastern Mexico to 

 Costa Rica. The Maryland winters from North Carolina and Louisi- 

 ana to Florida, the Bahamas and Haiti. An adult male was tak-en by 

 Todd (1922) as far south as the Santa Marta region, Colombia. 



Dickey and Van Rossem (1938) have found the northern yellow- 

 throat a common midwinter visitant in El Salvador. They write as 

 follows : 



The northern yellowthroat was not detected in the fall, even in localities 

 where later in the year it was [present in numbers. It is safe to say that few, 

 if any, reach El Salvador before about January 1, after which date the species 

 is common and generally distributed in marshland, shrubbery along streams, and 

 even in fern bracken up to 8,000 feet in the Arid Upper Tropical Zone. 



The northward migration is chiefly during early April. At Lake Olomega 

 from April 1 to 8, 1926, and at San Salvador until April 17, 1912, yellowthroats 

 were very common, much more so than during the winter. However, some indi- 

 viduals remain very late in spring; indeed, locally, they are sometimes actually 

 common in the middle of May. An instance of this is the fact that at Lake 

 Chamnico from May 13 to 17, 1912, iracMdactyla was frequently noted in the 

 grass and mimosa scrub about the edge of the lake. A peculiarity of this oc- 

 curi'ence was that the birds were usually in pairs. The two males taken were 

 in breeding condition, and the single female had rapidly developing ova. 



Dr. Alexander F. Skutch has sent us the following notes concerning 

 the yellowthroat (races not designated) in Central America : "Like so 

 many of the warblers that winter in Central America, the yellow- 



