514 BULLETIN 203, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



for some years thereafter its home life and migrations remained 

 clouded in mystery, but its life history and its ranges are now fairly 

 well known. It is now known to breed in the Canadian Zone from 

 central Alberta and southern Manitoba to central Minnesota, south- 

 ern Wisconsin, perhaps northern Michigan, and southern Ontario ; it 

 spends the winter in South America, from Venezuela to southeastern 

 Brazil, and perhaps in Colombia. 



The locality in which Seton (1884) found it breeding is thus de- 

 scribed by him : "A few miles south of Carberry, Manitoba, is a large 

 spruce bush, and in the middle of it is a wide tamarack swamp. 

 This latter is a gray mossy bog, luxuriant only with pitcher plants 

 and Droseree. At regular distances, as though planted by the hand of 

 man, grow the slim straight tamaracks, grizzled with moss, but not 

 dense, nor at all crowded ; their light leafage casts no shade." 



In Alberta the Connecticut warbler seems to prefer the small, dry, 

 well-drained ridges, or the vicinity of poplar woods, at least such were 

 haunts in which Richard C. Harlow and A. D. Henderson found their 

 nests. The latter tells me that this was formerly a quite common 

 breeding bird around Belvedere, but that now it is extremely rare. 

 The general locality where they found it breeding "was one of small 

 prairies, a few acres in extent, scattered through groves of poplars. 

 1 have also heard the call of the Connecticut warbler many times in 

 poplar woods, in the Fort Assiniboine District, but never in the muskegs 

 either there or at Belvedere. The Connecticut warbler in this locality 

 is a bird of the poplar woods." 



According to Dr. Roberts (1936), in Minnesota the Connecticut 

 warbler "so far as discovered, makes its summer home in cold tamarack 

 and spruce swamps of typical Canadian Zone character. Such places 

 are numerous and wide-spread in northern Minnesota." But it has evi- 

 dently not been found there in anything like the numbers found in 

 Alberta under the conditions described. On the other hand, Ian McT. 

 Cowan (1939) found it, in the Peace River District of British Colum- 

 bia, established in its "territory in a grove of young aspens below an 

 open stand of large poplars, aspens and white spruce." 



Spring. — The Connecticut warbler is one of the few small birds that 

 follow different migration routes in spring and fall. The spring route 

 is through the West Indies and Florida, northwesterly across the 

 southern Alleghenies, and then northward through the broad Missis- 

 sippi Valley. It is rarely seen in spring east of these mountains and 

 north of South Carolina and western North Carolina (Asheville). 

 There are, however, scattering spring records, mostly sight records, as 

 far north as Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and Massachusetts. 

 Todd (1940) lists only three spring specimens for western Pennsyl- 

 vania, and says : "During its spring sojourn the Connecticut Warbler 



