646 BULLETESr 20 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



tinguished from the northern by its much brighter colors. The song 

 and the call notes are quite distinctive. 



Enemies. — ^According to Friedmann (1929) this warbler is "a not 

 uncommon victim of the Dwarf Cowbird in southern California." 



Fall. — Rathbun (MS.) writes from Seattle: "About the middle of 

 August, the golden warbler will often be seen about the city, this 

 being an indication of the fall migration ; individuals continue to be 

 noted until about the middle of September. At this time the only 

 note given is a harsh squeak, and the males are very beautiful in their 

 bright, fresh plumage. They will generally be found in the company 

 of the California yellow warbler, one or two of the golden with a 

 number of the yellow warbler." 



The fall migration through California, in company with other 

 warblers and vireos, occurs mainly in September. Ralph Hoffmann 

 (1927) says: "the Pileolated Warbler is one of the commonest birds 

 in migration ; at times every oak tree or tangle of low bushes seems 

 alive with their bright and active forms." 



WILSONIA CANADENSIS (Linnaeus) 

 CANADA WARBLER 



Plates 78-80 

 HABITS 



In spite of its name, this pretty, necklaced warbler is not confined 

 to Canada, but finds congenial haunts in many of the cooler spots 

 in the Northern States and at the higher altitudes in the Alleghenies 

 as far south as northern Georgia. Gerald Thayer wrote to Dr. Chap- 

 man (1907) : "It is a bird of rich deciduous undergrowth in the deep, 

 damp forest, — a ranger between the bush-tops and low tree-branches 

 and the ground. It avoids purely coniferous woods, and so is almost 

 wholly wanting from the closely-spruce-clad northern slopes of Mt. 

 Monadnock [New Hampshire], though abundant in the deep mixed 

 timber all about its northern base. On the eastern slopes of the 

 mountain, where the forest is more largely deciduous, the Canada 

 is fairly common almost up to the rocky backbone ridge, at heights 

 of from 2,300 to 2,700 or so feet." 



In southeastern Massachusetts, where I live, the Canada warbler 

 breeds regularly, but not abundantly, in the cool, damp, heavy woods 

 of mixed growth, mainly around the borders of the extensive cedar 

 swamps, but also in mature forests where large trees furnish cool 

 shade and where rocky ravines are watered with spring-fed streams. 



Rev. J. J. Murray tells me that this is the most common warbler 

 on the higher mountains of West Virginia, abundant above 3,000 



