154 BULLETIN 2 03, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



olivaceus; collar on hind neck not so complete, usually invading the 

 occiput; primaries rarely if ever edged with olive-green in spring 

 plumage; head and throat plain ochraceous, duller than in typical 

 olivaceus; underparts lighter, the center of the belly purer white, more 

 contrasted with the flanks, which are less olivaceous, more grayish 

 brown ; size as in typical olivaceus. Throat and side of neck of adult 

 female and immature pale lemon-yellow." They give as its range 

 "mountains of southern and central Arizona south at least to 

 Chihuahua and perhaps east to western Tamaulipas (Miquihuana)." 



The species had long been known in Mexico and had been erroneously 

 reported in Texas, but it remained for Henry W. Henshaw (1875) 

 to record it definitely as a North American bird by capturing three 

 specimens on Mount Graham, Ariz., in September, 1874. Since then 

 it has been noted by numerous observers on several other mountain 

 ranges in southern Arizona, where it is now known to be fairly com- 

 mon in summer and where a few remain in winter. 



It is a bird of the open pine forests on or near the summits of the 

 mountains. In the Huachucas we found it breeding at about 9,000 

 feet elevation in the open forests of yellow pine, sugar pine, and fir. 

 As Swarth (1904) says: "I found them only in the pine forests of the 

 highest parts of the mountains, even in cold weather none being seen 

 below 8,500 feet; and more were secured above 9,000 feet than 

 below it." 



In the Chiricahuas, Frank Stephens collected a fine series of these 

 warblers for William Brewster (1882a) in March, 1880, in the pine 

 woods at elevations from 10,000 to 12,000 feet. And it was here that 

 W. W. Price (1895) found the first nest in 1894; "the region was a 

 dry open park, thinly set with young pine {Pinus jeffreyi) , at between 

 nine and ten thousand feet above the sea." 



The olive warbler is not always confined to the pines at all seasons, 

 for Dr. Walter P. Taylor tells me that he obtained a single specimen 

 from an oak tree in the Santa Eita Mountains at 5,000 feet on Febru- 

 ary 4, 1923. It was in the same general locality with bridled titmice 

 and ruby-crowned kinglets, and was alone, perhaps a winter wanderer, 

 foraging nervously through the foliage of the oak. 



Spring. — According to Swarth (1904), migrating olive warblers 

 reach the Huachuca Mountains, from their winter resorts in northern 

 Mexico, about the first of April. "In 1903 they became fairly abun- 

 dant, particularly in April, when many small flocks of five or six 

 birds each, were seen. * * * They were seldom in company with 

 other warblers, but when not alone, associated with nuthatches and 

 creepers." Frank C. Willard (1910) says that "the first few days are 

 spent, as it were, in staking out their claims anew. The males at this 

 time are quite pugnacious toward one another, and, tho apparently 



