ICHNEUMON-FLIES GELINAE : MESOSTENINI 525 



anterior orbit being entirely white or pale yellow; areola usually 

 shorter, and narrower in front; propodeal carinae a little weaker; 

 wings fully developed; first abdominal tergite about 1.5 as long as wide; 

 abdomen beyond first segment entirely fulvous or ferruginous; size 

 averaging larger. 



Summer form: Females only; clypeus about 2.5 to 2.8 as wide as 

 it is long on the midline, its apical 0.3 to 0.4 inflexed; white or pale 

 yellow markings on head and pronotum reduced or lacking except on 

 hind corner of pronotum, the anterior orbit often having little or no 

 white or yellow; areola usually a little longer and less distinctly 

 narrowed in front; propodeal carinae a little stronger; wings fully 

 developed or reduced in size; first abdominal tergite about 1.1 as long 

 as wide; abdomen beyond first segment usually more or less fuscous; 

 size averaging smaller. 



Independent of the seasonal forms, the species is divisible into a 

 European and an American subspecies, distinguishable as follows : 



1. Coxae and trochanters black or dark brown; range: Europe. 



la. vesparum vesparum (Curtis) 



Coxae and trochanters fulvous, ferruginous, or sometimes light brown; range: 

 North America lb. vesparum burra (Cresson) 



la. Sphecophaga vesparutn vesparum (Curtis) 



Anomalon vesparufn Curtis, 1828, British entomology; . . . , vol. 3, pi. 198; 



9 . Types: ? , Manchester, England (? Melbourne). This name was based 



on the summer form. 

 Trtjphon vesparum Ratzeburg, 1852, Die Ichneumoniden der Forstinsekten 



. . . , vol. 3, p. 128; $. Type: ?, Germany (destroyed during World 



War ii). This name was based on the summer form. 

 Cacotropa sericea Thomson, 1888, Opuscula entomologica, fasc. 12, p. 1259; cf, 



9. Types: cf, 9 , from Ostergothland [Sweden], Germany, and Switzerland 



(Lund). This name was based on the overwintering form. 

 Sphecophaga thuringiaca Schmiedeknecht, 1914, Opuscula ichneumonologica, 



fasc. 36, p. 2824; 9 . Types: 9 , Blankenburg, Thuringia, Germany (?Ber- 



lin). New synonymy. This name was based on the summer form. 

 Biology: A number of papers on biology are in European literature. 



Coxae and trochanters black or blackish. 



Overwintering form: Black. Anterior orbits, hue on cheek, palpi, 

 tegula, subtegular ridge, and more or less distinct but usually incom- 

 plete upper, lower, and front margins of pronotum, white; front and 

 middle legs beyond trochanters fulvoferruginous, the upper and front 

 sides of their tibiae stramineous and their tarsi somewhat infuscate; 

 hind femur and tibia ferruginous, the apex of the femur and base and 

 apex of the tibia usually wealdy infuscate; hind tarsus fuscous, reddish 

 brown at the joints; abdomen ferruginous, its first segment black 

 with the apex ferruginous. The above apphes to the female, which 

 is the only sex we have. Thomson described the male as having the 



