276 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221 



Stone (Auk 36:464-472, 1919) has brought together most of what is 

 known of Giraud and of his famous "sixteen new species" from "Texas," 

 and has there observed that he did never "present any information as to who 

 collected them or how they came into his possession." 



It may be surmised, however, that they came to him through John G. Bell, 

 a taxidermist and dealer with whom he was intimate. In Dall's biography of 

 Spencer F. Baird (Chapter 2), we learn that, at Bell's establishment, Baird 

 was introduced to Giraud and other prominent naturalists, and that through 

 these connections he acquired a great number of bird skins (see Baird's 

 letter to his brother William, dated December 20, 1841, in Dall, pp. 57-59) . 

 The specimens got at this period were entered into Baird's private register 

 as Nos. 456-580, with the notation: "The Specimens following . . . were 

 obtained in New York and brought home January 25, 1842 without any 

 knowledge of the localities of most of them, with a few exceptions." Among 

 numerous birds accredited to Giraud, Bell, Audubon, Trudeau, Lawrence, 

 Woodhouse, and Brasher, we find "Muscicapa Derhami. Giraud. Texas. Bell," 

 "Fringilla Texensis. Giraud. Texas. Bell," "Pipra Galericulata. Giraud. Texas. 

 Bell," and "Setophaga Rubra. Sw. Texas. Bell." 



Baird's No. 561, entered as "Setophaga Rubra Sw.," is at hand (now 

 USNM 561). The oldest label has on one side, in Baird's cursive script: 

 "561 Parus Leucotis. Giraud / Texas / B[ell]. N Y 1842," and, written 

 with another pen, presumably later, "Setophaga rubra." On the other side, 

 with the same pen, appears in the disconnected script used in Baird's register : 

 "Setophaga rubra — Sw. / Syn Mex Birds / 561 / Texas? / Bell." A second 

 and more recently attached label has, in Baird's writing, "Type of Parus 

 leucotis. Giraud." See also my remarks under Pipra galericulata Giraud 

 (p. 577). 



The conclusion is inescapable that, while a set of Giraud's new forms 

 passed into his own collection, in at least some cases there were cotypes that 

 stayed in the possession of Bell, from whom they were obtained by Baird, 

 labeled with Giraud's names. 



The friendship between Baird and Giraud, begun at the end of 1841, lasted 

 until the latter's death in 1870. Holograph letters from Giraud in the 

 Smithsonian archives, dated June 5 and June 16, 1867, indicate that Baird 

 asked for the gift to the national collection of his set of the "sixteen new 

 birds," which were then in storage at Vassar College. Stone erred {op. cit., 

 p. 467) in saying that only thirteen are in Washington, for all sixteen were 

 entered into the museum register on July 11, 1867, and are are still preserved 

 among our types. 



Genus TYRANNOPSIS Ridgway 



Tyraiiniis luggeri Ridgway 



Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 469 (in key) , 481, May 1879. 

 =Tyrannopsis sulphurea (von Spix). See Helhnayr, Catalogue of birds 

 of the Americas 5 : 147, 1927. 



