FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE SEAS AND ADJACENT WATERS 143 



Genus ARGYROPS Swainson 



Argyrops Swainson, Nat. Hist. Animals, vol. 2, p. 221, 1839. (Type, Sparus 



spinifer Forskal, monotypic.) 

 Paragyrops Tanaka, Zool. Mag. Tokyo, vol. 28, No. 330, p. 141, 1916. (Type 



Paragyrops ediia Tanaka, monotypic.) 



Jaws with front row of teeth conic incisors and laterally 2 or 3 rows 

 of rounded teeth immediately follow; 2 rows of teeth with rounded 

 crowns along sides of each jaw, most interior small and above biserial. 

 Pseudobranchiae present. Branchiostegals 6. Air bladder simple. 

 Pyloric appendages 5. Scales moderate, present on cheeks. Dorsal 

 with 11 or 12 spines, of which 4 greatly elongated and filamentous. 

 Anal spines 3. 



A single species. The genus is readily distinguished by the first 

 four dorsal spines greatly extended as long filaments. 



ARGYROPS SPINIFER (Forsk&i) 



Sparus spinifer Forskal, Descript. Animal., p. 32, 1775 (type locality: Djedda). — 

 BoNNATBRRE, Tabl. Ichth., p. 100, 1788 (Red Sea). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 

 Linn., vol. 1, p. 1273, 1789 (Red Sea). — Walbaum, Artedi Pise, vol. 3, p. 99, 

 1792 (on ForskIl).— Schneider, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, p. 281, 1801 (Red 

 Sea). — LAC^piiDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, pp. 29, 97, 1802 (Arabia). — 

 Bleeker, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Neerland., vol. 7, pi. (35) 313, fig. 3, 1873-1876; 

 vol. 8, p. 109, 187&-1877 (Celebes).— Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Philadelphia, 1925, p. 234 (Delagoa Bay); Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 

 vol. 30, No 4, p. 8, 1926 (Bombay); vol. 32, No. 2, p. 259, 1927 (Bombay). 



Sparus (Pagrus) spinifer Klunzinger, Fische Roth. Meer., p. 43, 1884. 



Auraia spinifera Cloquett, Diet. Sci. Nat., vol. 12, p. 551, 1818 (reference). 



Pagrus spinifer Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 6, p. 166, 1830 (Red Sea; 

 Pondicherry) . — Ruppell, Neue Wirbelth., Fische, p. 114, 1835 (northern 

 Red Sea).— GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, p. 472, 1859 (China).— 

 Martens, Verb. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 16, p. 378, 1866 (Mirsa Eli, 

 Red Sea). — Klunzinger, Verb. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 20, p. 761, 1870 

 (Koseir, Red Sea). — Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, p. 138, pi, 33, fig. 5, 1876; 

 Suppl. p. 787, 1888; Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, p. 42, fig. 16, 1889.— Elera, 

 Cat. Fauna Filip., p. 483, 1895 (Cebu). — Regan, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. 

 Soc, vol. 16, No. 2, p. 330, 1905 (Persian Gulf). — Steindachner, Denkschr. 

 Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. Kl., vol. 71, pt. 1, p. 135, 1907 (Geschin, South 

 Arabia). — Ztjgmayer, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.-phys. KL, vol. 26, pt. 

 6, p. 11, 1913 (Mekran). — Pellegrin, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 39, 

 p. 229, 1914 (Nossi B4, Madagascar). — Bamber, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, 

 Zool., vol. 31, p. 481, 1915 (Sudanese Red Sea). — Pearson, Ceylon Ad- 

 ministr. Rep., 1915-1918, pp. F9-F13,F15-F18.— Gilchrist and Thompson, 

 Ann. Durban Mus., vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 363, 1917 (references). — Malpas, Ceylon 

 Administr. Rep., 1921, pp. E5-E8. — Fowler and Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., vol. 62, art. 2, p. 40, 1922 (Takao). — Herre and Montalban, Philip- 

 pine Journ. Sci., vol. 33, No. 4, p. 428, pi. 8, fig. 2, 1927 (Manila).— Barnard, 

 Ann. South African Mus., vol. 21, p. 696, 1927 (Natal coast, Delagoa Bay, 

 74 fathoms). 



Chrysophrys spinifer Steindachner, Verb. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 11, p. 179, 

 1861 (Kark in Red Sea; Mauritius). — Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, p. 138, 

 pi. 33, fig. 6, 1875. 



