FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE SEAS AND ADJACENT WATERS 145 



One example, A.N.S.P. Bombay. Bombay Natural History Society. Length, 

 103 mm. 



Genus SPARUS Linnaeus 



Sparus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 277, 1758. (Type, Sparus aurata 



Linnaeus, designated by Bleeker, Arch. Nderland. Sci. Nat. Harlem, vol. 



11, p. 281, 1876.) 

 Cynaedus Gronow, Zoophylacii, p. 60, 1763. Species nonbinomial. (Type, 



Sparus aurata Linnaeus, designated by Jordan, Smithsonian Publ. 1938, 



p. 49, 1910.) 

 Synagris Klein, Ges. Schauplatz, vol. 1, p. 442, 1775. Species nonbinomial. 



(Type, Sparus aurata Linnaeus, designated by Jordan and Evermann, 



Genera of fishes, pt. 1, p. 38, 1917.) (Inadmissible.) 

 Mylio (Commerson) Laci^pIide, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, p. 131, 1802. (Type, 



Sparus mylio liActiPhDE, tautotypic.) (Inadmissible.) 

 Aurata (not Catesby, 1771) Oken, Isis, 1817, p. 1183. (Type, Sparus aurata 



Linnaeus, virtually tautotypic, as based on Les Daurades Cuvier, Regne 



Animal, vol. 2, p. 272, 1817.) 

 Chryseins Schinz, Das Thierreich, Cuvier, p. 438, 1822. (Type, Sparus aurata 



Linnaeus, designated by Lesson, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat., vol. 15, p. 522, 



1829.) 

 Dorada Jarocki, Zoologiia, vol. 4, p. 200, 1822. (Type, Sparus aurata Linnaeus.) 

 Chrysophris Cuvier, Regne Animal, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 18, 1829. (Type, Sparus 



aurata Linnaeus, designated by Jordan and Evermann, Genera of fishes, 



pt. 1, p. 128, 1917.) 

 Daurada Stark, Elements Nat. Hist., Edinburgh, vol. 1, p. 465, 1828. (Type, 



Sparus aurata Linnaeus, tautotypic.) 

 Chrysoblephus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Animals, vol. 2, p. 221, 1839. (Type, Sparus 



gibbiceps Cuvier, monotypic.) 

 Caeso Gistel, Naturg. Thierreich, p. viii, 1848. (Type, Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 



virtually, as Caeso Gistel proposed to replace Chrysophris Cuvier.) 

 Eudynama Gistel, Naturg. Thierreich, p. xiii, 1848. (Type, Sparus aurata 



Linnaeus, virtually, as Eudynama Gistel proposed to replace Chrysophris 



Cuvier.) (Eudynamys Vigors and Horsfield, 1826, in birds not involved.) 

 Acanthopagrus Peters, Arch. Naturg., 1855, pt. 1, p. 242. (Type, Chrysophrys 



vagus Peters, monotypic.) (No description.) 

 Pagrichthys Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indie, vol. 21, p. 60, 1860. (Type, 



Pagrichthys castelnaui Bleeker, monotypic.) 

 Roughleyia Whitley, Australian Zool., vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 318, 1931. (Type, Chry- 

 sophrys australis Gxjnther, orthotypic.) 



Jaws with 4 to 6 conic canines anteriorly and rounded molars in 3 

 or 4 series in each posteriorly. No teeth on palate. Branchiostegals 

 6. Air bladder sometimes notched or with very short appendages. 

 Pyloric coeca 3 or 4. Scales moderate. Cheeks scaly. Dorsal spines 

 1 1 or 12, depressible in groove, never greatly elongated. Anal spines 3. 



Coasts of Africa and the Indo-Pacific. According to Barnard, 

 Pagrichthys Bleeker is based on "a mutilated specimen with only 2 

 anal spines." The Atlantic Pagrus Cuvier has been separated from 

 Spams by Jordan and Thompson "as the species are olive and sil- 

 very in color, never red, and the teeth are in broader bands, the 

 upper molars in three or more series." 



