172 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Front teeth in jaws eardiform, without canines, outer series usuall}'' 

 with larger ones tiian those behind; several series of rounded molar 

 teeth in both jaws, with innermost row gradually becoming larger 

 posteriorly, elongated or transversely oval. Hind nostril oval or 

 slitlike. Preorbital narrow or deep. Opercle not armed. Bran- 

 chiostegals 6. Air bladder simple. Pyloric coeca 4. Scales 

 moderate in size. Cheek scaly. Dorsal spines 11 to 13, depressible 

 in groove. Anal spines 3. 



Warmer eastern and southern Atlantic, Mediterranean, and wes- 

 tern Indian Ocean. 



ANALYSIS OF SPECIES 



a'. Pagellus. Scales of occiput extending forward opposite middle of eyes. 



b^. Scales 11 across opercle; rose red afRnis. 



b^. Scales 6 across opercle; with dark transverse bands at least in young. 



natalensis. 

 a^. LiTHOGNATHUs. Scalcs of occiput not forward beyond hind eye edge. 



ci. Scales 43 to 50 in lateral line lithognathus. 



c^. Scales 60 to 65 in lateral line morinyrus. 



Subgenus Pagellus Cuvier 



PAGELLUS AFFINIS Boulenger 



Pagellus affinis Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 658 (type locality: 

 Muscat, East Arabia). — Steindachnek, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 

 math.-nat. Kl., vol. 71, pt. 1, p. 134, pi. 2, fig., 1907 (Tamarida and Gischin, 

 South Arabia) . 



Depth 2%; head 3)5- Snout 2% in head from snout tip; eye S%, IK 

 in snout, least preorbital width 1)2 in eye; maxillary nearly reaches 

 opposite eye, length 3Ko in head; 2 rows of small molars on side of 

 jaw; interorbital 3}^, moderately high; preopercle edge entire. 



Scales 60 to 63 in lateral line; 7 above, 16 below, 14 above anal origin 

 shown on figure, 8 rows on cheek to preopercle ridge, 11 rows hori- 

 zontally across upper part of opercle; caudal finely scaled basally, 

 also 2 low rows of fine basal scales along soft dorsal and anal, little 

 higher posteriorly, 



D. XII, 10, I, third spine 2% in total head length, first ray 3%; A. 

 Ill, 10, 1, third spine 3%, first ray 3K; caudal 1%, forked, lobes pointed; 

 least depth of caudal peduncle 3K; pectoral 1; ventral 1%. 



In life rose-red. Length, 150 to 160 mm. (Steindachner.) 



Arabia. 



PAGELLUS NATALENSIS Steindachner 



Pagellus natalensis Steindachner, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. 



Kl., vol. 71, pt. 1, p. 134, 1902 (type locality: Port Natal). — Barnard, Ann. 



South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, p. 707, 1927 (Mossel Bay, Agulhas Bank, 



Natal, Delagoa Bay, 75 fathoms). 

 Pagellus erythrinus (not Linnaeus) GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, pp. 



474, 475, 1859 (Cape of Good Hope). — Pellegrin, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 



vol. 39, p. 229, 1914 (Fort Dauphin, Madagascar). — Thompson, Marine 



Biol. Rep. South Africa, No. 4, p. 89, 1918 (references). 



