174 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



in preorbital depth; lips thick; preorbital not entirely concealing 

 maxillary, lower edge straight; maxillary reaches below front nostril, 

 hind end truncate, with age swollen and very hard; hind nostril nar- 

 row slit. Gill rakers 13 on lower branch of first arch. 



Scales with free edge rounded, 43 to 50 in lateral line; 5 above, 14 

 below; 7 rows on cheek. 



D. XI, 10, fourth and fifth spines largest; A. Ill, 8, second and third 

 spines subequal or second stronger. 



Grayish or brownish, paler below. More or less silvery, especially 

 in young. Five to seven vertical crossbars, distinct in young, obso- 

 lete with age. Fins grayish. Reaches 1,000 mm. (Barnard.) 



Southwest Africa, Cape Colony, Natal. A valued food fish. 



PAGELLUS MORMYRUS (Linnaeus) 



Sparus mormyrns Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 281, 1758 [type locality : 

 In M. infer (Mediterranean)]. 



Pagellus mormynis Gilchrist, Marine Biol. Rep. South Africa, No. 3, p. 6, 1916 

 (egg and larva). — Gilchrist and Thompson, Ann. Durban Mus., vol. 1, 

 pt. 4, p. 363, 1917 (references). — Thompson, Marine Biol. Rep. South 

 Africa, No. 4, p. 91, 1918 (references). — Fowler, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 vol. 56, pp. 212, 284, 1919 (Loando, Angola); Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- 

 delphia, 1925, p. 238 (Delagoa Bay). — Barnard, Ann. South Afric. Mus., 

 vol. 21, pt. 2, p. 706, 1927 (Saldanha Bay, Table Bay, False Bay, East Lon- 

 don, Natal, Zululand coast, Delagoa Bay). 



Depth 2%; head 2%, width 2. Snout 2}^ in head; eye 4%, 2 in snout, 

 IK in interorbital; maxillary reaches hind nostril, expansion 3 in eye, 

 length 2)^ in head; upper teeth with outer row enlarged, conic and 

 inner band of fine anterior teeth; posteriorly 4 rows of molars, of 

 which third largest and outer next in size; lower similar and onl}' 

 3 rows of molars; interorbital 3%, broadly convex. Gill rakers 9 + 15, 

 lanceolate. 



Scales 56 ia lateral line to caudal base and 4 more on latter; 4 above, 

 13 below, 15 predorsal, 5 rows on cheek to preopercle ridge; muzzle, 

 interorbital, and most of preopercle flange naked. Scales with 8 or 9 

 basal radiating striae; 53 to 72 apical denticles, with 1 or 2 transverse 

 series of basal elements; circuli fine. 



D. XI, 12, 1, fourth spine 3 in head, first ray ?>%,', A. Ill, 10, i, third 

 spine 4}^, first ray 3)^; caudal 1%, deeply forked; least depth of caudal 

 peduncle 3; pectoral 1%; ventral 1%. 



Brown, whitish below. Above 14 vertical dusky streaks, alter- 

 nately darker and paler. Dorsal and caudal grayish, other fins 

 whitish. 



Mediterranean, Eastern Atlantic, South Africa, Natal, Zululand, 

 Delagoa Bay. 



A.N.S.P. No. 53074. Delagoa Bay, Portuguese East Africa. H. W. Bell Marley. 



July, 1923. Length, 165 mm. 

 A.N.S.P. No. 52994. Delagoa Bay. H. W. Bell Marley, 1927. Length, 210 mm. 



