182 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



apical denticles, with 8 or 9 transverse rows of basal elements; circuli 

 fine. 



D. XI, 16, I, fifth spine 2 in head, first ray 3; A. Ill, 13, second 

 spine SYz, first ray 2%; caudal 1, well forked; pectoral IK; ventral 1^. 



Back grayish, with 7 pale longitudinal lines, below pale biift' to 

 whitish. Iris silvery white. Dorsal and caudal grayish, other fins 

 whitish. Pectoral with black blotch at origin. 



Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic to South Africa, Natal, and 

 Delagoa Bay. 



One example, A.N.S.P. Natal. H. W. Bell Marley. Length, 150 mm. 

 Genus SPONDYLIOSOMA Cantor 



Spondyliosotna Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 18, p. 1032, 1849 (1850). 



(Type, Sparus cantharus Linnaeus. Spondyliosoma Cantor proposed to 



replace Cantharus Cuvier.) 

 Canthere Cuvier, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1814, p. 92. (Type, Sparus can- 

 tharus Linnaeus, tautotypic. Name of improper form.) 

 Cantharus (not Bolton, 1798, nor Montfort, 1808) Cuvier, Regne Animal, 



vol. 2, p. 278, 1817. (Type, Sparus cantharus Linxaeus, tautotypic.) 

 Cantharusa Strand, Arch. Naturg., vol. 8, pt. 8, p. 54, 1926. (Type, Sparus 



cantharus Linnaeus, virtually. Cantharusa Strand proposed to replace 



Cantharus Cuvier.) 

 Caranthus Barnard, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, p. 720, 1927. (Type, 



Sparus cantharus Linnaeus, virtually. Caranthus B.\rnard proposed to 



replace Cantharus Cuvier.) 



Teeth in cardiform or villiform bands, become narrower laterally, 

 outermost row largest, lanceolate, without canines or molars. Hind 

 nostril more or less slitlike. Preorbital moderately deep or narrow. 

 Brancliiostegals 6. Air bladder with 2 horns posteriorly. Pyloric 

 coeca 3 or 4. Scales moderate. Cheeks scaly. Interorbital and 

 preopercle flange scaled or naked. Tubes in lateral line short, often 

 appear bifurcate owing to 2 divergent series of pores opening to 

 exterior. Dorsal spines 10 or 11, depressible in scaly sheaths. Anal 

 spines 3. 



Vegetable feeders. Species chiefly of the Mediterranean. The 

 following are all modified from Barnard. 



analysis of species 



o^ Spondyliosoma. Snout moderate, conic; preopercle flange scaleless. 

 bi. Lower preorbital edge notched. 



c^. Scales 90 to 95 in lateral line microlepis. 



c^. Scales 80 to 85 in lateral line emarginata. 



6*. Lower preorbital edge not notched; scales 64 to 69 in lateral line- blochii. 



a^. SiMOCANTHARUs, new subgenus. Snout short, blunt, pug-nosed; preopercle 



flange scaly; scales 83 to 88 in lateral line aenea. 



