FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE SEAS AND ADJACENT WATERS 189 



Matsuura, Prelim. Cat. Fishes Tokyo Mus., p. 53, 1897. — Jordan and 

 Snyder, Annot. Zool. Japon., vol. 3, 1901, p. 80 (Yokohama); Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 752, 1901 (Tokyo? Hondo, Kiushiu).— Jordan and 

 Starks, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, p. 498, fig. 5, 1907 (Wakanoura, 

 Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagasaki, Misaki, Tsuruga). — Franz, Abh. Bayer. Akad. 

 Wiss., vol. 4, suppl. vol. 1, p. 47, 1910, (Aburatsubu). — Jordan and Thomp- 

 son, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, p. 589, fig. 12, 1912 (Tsuruga, Akume, 

 Wakanoura, Tokyo, Yokohama, Misaki, Nagasaki). — Snyder, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus .,vol. 42, p. 415, 1912 (Misaki, Akume, Kagoshima, Tanegashima) . 

 — Jordan and Thompson, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 6, No. 4, p. 258, fig. 30, 

 1914 (Misaki, Osaka). — Izuka and Matsuura, Cat. Zool. Spec. Tokyo 

 Mus., Vertebr., p. 148, 1920 (Tokushima, Awa). — Jordan and Hubbs, Mem. 

 Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, No. 2, p. 241, 1925 (Toba, Misaki). — Herre and 

 MoNTALBAN, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 33, No. 4, p. 434, pi. 7, fig. 1, 1927 

 (Dodd Island, Amoy, Hong Kong). — Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- 

 delphia, 1929 (1930), p. 645 (Tokyo).— Schmidt and Lindberg, BulL 

 Acad. Sci. U. S. S. R., 1930, p. 1140 (Tsuruga).— Schmidt, Bull. Acad. Sci. 

 U. S. S. R., 1931, p. Ill (Obama) ; Trans. Pacific Comm. Acad. Sci. U. S. S. R., 

 vol. 2, p. 70, 1931 (Nagasaki). — Anonymous, lUustrat. Jap. Aquat. Plants 

 Animal., vol. 1, pi. 35, fig. 5., 1931. 

 Crenidens punctatus Richardson, Ichth. China Japan, p. 242, 1845 (China; 

 Canton). 



Depth 2% to 2%; head 2% to 3%, width 1% to 2%. Snout 3 to 3K 

 in head; eye 2% to 03, greater than snout in young to 1% with age, 

 greater than interorbital in young to 1% with age; maxillary reaches 

 % in eye in young, only % in snout with age, length 3 to 3K in head; 

 outer row of spatulate tricuspid incisors, followed by inner rather 

 broad band of smaller ones; interorbital 3 to 3j4, broadly convex; 

 preopercle edge feebly and minutely denticulate. Gill rakers 17 + 27, 

 lanceolate, IK in gill filaments, which 1}^ in eye. 



Scales 48 to 53 in lateral line to caudal base and 8 or 9 more on 

 latter; 10 above, 16 or 17 below, 46 to 50 predorsal forward opposite 

 front eye edge; 18 rows on cheek to preopercle ridge and 5 more over 

 preopercle flange. Scales with 20 or 21 basal radiating striae; 75 

 to 82 short, slender apical denticles with 10 or 11 transverse series 

 of basal elements; circuli very fine. 



D. XV, 12, I to 14, I, last spine 2% to 2^ in head, first ray 1% to 2; 

 A. Ill, 12, I or 13, I, third spine 2% to 3, first ray 1% to 2; caudal 1 

 to 1% (to 3 in combined head and body to caudal base); least depth 

 of caudal peduncle 2}^ to 2% in head; pectoral iKo to 1%; ventral 

 1% to VA. 



Largely uniform dark umber, under surface of head and belly little 

 lighter. Base of each scale on head with slightly darker spot, thus 

 forming longitudinal rows of dark spots. Iris brown to slate. Verti- 

 cal fins dark like back, basal portions paler in young. Paired fins 

 brown. Pectoral with dark line from origin obhquely marking base. 

 Ventral with front surface pale or grayish and inner surfaces dusky 

 brown. 



