FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE SEAS AND ADJACENT WATERS 201 



bladder simple. Pyloric coeca 3 to 5. Scales ctenoid, moderate, 

 cover cheeks and opercles but not vertical fins. Dorsal single, with 

 10 to 12 spines, rays 10 or 11, depressible in groove. Anal spines 3, 

 rays 9 to 11. Lower pectoral rays branched. Coloration dull. 

 Western Indian Ocean. 



CRENroENS CRENIDENS (Forskai) 



Sparus crenidens Forskal, Descript. Animal., p. xv, 1775 (type locality: Djedda; 

 Suez) .^Schneider, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, p. 285, 1801 (copied). 



Sparus crenidens Walbaum, Artedi Pise, vol. 3, p. 303, 1792 (error; copied). 



Crenidens crenidens Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1925, p. 243 

 (Delagoa Bay). — Norman, Trans; Zool. Soc. London, vol. 22, pt. 3, No. 12, 

 p. 380, 1927 (Ismailia, Kabret, Gulf of Suez, Suez Canal). 



Crenidens forskalii Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 6, p. 378, pi. 162, 1830 

 (type locality: Massaua). — Ruppell, Neue Wirbelth., p. 120, 1835 (refer- 

 ence). — Peters, Arch. Naturg., 1855, p. 243 (Mozambique). — GIjnther, 

 Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, p. 424, 1859 (Red Sea). — Castelnau, Mem. 

 Poiss. Afrique Australe, p. 32, 1861 (Natal). — Kner, Reise Novara, Fische, 

 p. 73, 1865 (Nicobars). — Kltjnzinger, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 20, 

 p. 748, 1870 (Koseir, Red Sea).— Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, p. 133, 1875.— 

 ScHMELTZ, Cat. Mus. Godeffroy, No. 6, p. 12, 1877 (Massaua); No. 7, p. 40, 

 1879 (Massaua).— PoHL, Cat. Mus. Godeffroy, No. 9, p. 28, 1884 (Mas- 

 saua). — Klunzinger, Fische Roth. Meer., p. 45, 1884. — Gilchrist and 

 Thompson, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 6, p. 164, 1908-1911 (Natal); Ann. 

 Durban Mus., vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 358, 1917 (references). — Thompson, Marine 

 Biol. Rep. South Africa, No. 4, p. 85, 1918 (references). — Barnard, Ann. 

 South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, p. 710, 1927 (Natal coast, Delagoa Bay, 

 Mozambique) . 



Crenidens forskaelii Day, Fauna Brit. India, Fishes, vol. 2, p. 35, 1889. 



Crenidens for skali Pellegrin, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 13, p. 203, 1907 

 (Bale de Tulwar, Madagascar) . 



Crenidens indicus Day, Rep. Sea Fish and Fisher. India, p. clxxxvi, No. 184, 1873 

 (type locality: India); Fishes of India, pt. 1, p. 132, pi. 32, fig. 4, 1875 

 (Sind, Madras, Suez); Fauna Brit. India, Fishes, vol. 2, p. 34, fig. 13, 1889.— 

 Steindachner, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. KL, vol. 71, pt. 1, 

 p. 136, 1907 (Kor Garrieh, Sokotra). — Ztjgmayer, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 

 math.-phys. Kl., vol. 26, pt. 6, p. 11, 1913 (Mekran). 



Crenidens macracanthus Gxjnther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 14, p. 368, 

 1874 (type locality: Madras). 



Depth 2% to 2K; head S% to 3K, width 1% to 2. Snout 2% to 2% 

 in head; eye 3 to 3)^, 1)^ to 1}^ in snout, 1 to IK in interorbital ; max- 

 illary reaches % to or to front eye edge, expansion 3 in eye, length 3^ 

 to Sfz in head; outer row of 16 quindentate incisors, with close set 

 inner row of similar teeth and biserial molars; interorbital 3 to 3Ko, 

 widely convex. Gill rakers 7 + 10, lanceolate. 



Scales 52 to 54 in lateral hne to caudal base and 4 or 5 more on 

 latter; 5 or 6 above, 12 or 13 below, 16 or 17 predorsal forward oppo- 

 site eye center, 3 or 4 rows on cheek to preopercle ridge and flange 

 naked. Scales with 7 to 9 basal radiating striae; 16 to 68 apical 

 denticles, with 11 to 16 transverse rows of basal elements; circuli fine. 



