FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE SEAS AND ADJACENT WATERS 401 



Sciaena heinii Steindachner, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 39, Nachr. 24, p. 317, 

 1902 (type locality: Kischin, South Arabia); Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 

 math.-nat. Kl., vol. 71, pt. 1, p. 141, pi. 1, fig. 4, 1907 (Gischin). 



Depth 4%; head 3^ to 3%, width 2%. Snout 3% in head from snout 

 tip; eye 6 to 6K; maxillary reaches opposite hind pupil edge, expansion 

 % of eye, length 2)i to 2)i in head from snout tip; mandible protruding; 

 bands of villiform teeth in jaws and outer row of enlarged conical 

 teeth in each, though especially enlarged and caninelike toward 

 front of upper; interorbital 3% to 4, convex; hind preopercle edge 

 with several flattened denticles at corner, ridge entire. Gill rakers 

 removed. 



Scales 60 to 64 in lateral line to caudal base and 24 to 34 more 

 out over caudal fin; 10 above, 12 below, 62 predorsal; scales smaller 

 along body edges, breast, predorsal, and fin bases; row of 4 large 

 scales on cheek to preopercle ridge; caudal largely covered with small 

 scales basally. 



D. X, I, 27 to 29, fourth spine 2% in total head length, second 

 ray 2^; A. II, 7, second spine 4, second ray 2%; caudal 1)^; least 

 depth of caudal peduncle 4; pectoral 1^; ventral 1%. 



Dull brownish above, silvery white on sides and below. Fins and 

 iris brownish. 



Eastern tropical Atlantic, Mediterranean, Red Sea, Madagascar, 

 Natal, South Africa, Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, 

 Tasmania, New South Wales, Queensland. Mediterranean examples 

 show gill rakers 7 + 9, with some rudiments for the Australian form. 

 Barnard gives 9 or 10 on lower arch with some rudiments. Accord- 

 ing to Ogilby it reaches more than 1,830 mm, with a weight of 125 

 pounds, though the average is less than 30 pounds. 



Sciaena heinii Steindachner, based on a single example 415 mm 

 long, is likely a fairly matured specimen of the present species, as its 

 slightly emarginate caudal shows. It only seems to me to differ in 

 a few more dorsal rays; not, however, much beyond the range of vari- 

 ation for the species as I find them 26 to 29. In brief it shows: 



Depth 3K; head 3%. Snout 3^^ in head; eye 6, 1% in snout; maxil- 

 lary reaches % in &je, expansion l)i in eye, length 2% in head; jaws 

 even; outer row of teeth slightly enlarged; interorbital 3%, moder- 

 ately high; preopercle edge weakly denticulated. 



Scales 53 in lateral line; 106 along above lateral line to caudal 

 base, 84 along below; 10 or 11 above, 25 below (figure shows 12 

 above anal origin); soft dorsal and anal scaleless; caudal largely 

 covered with fine scales basally. 



D. X, I, 32, third spine 2% in head, first ray 4%; A. II, 7, second 

 slender spine weak, 4% in head or 2% in postocular, second ra}^ 2% in 

 head; caudal 1%, little emarginate behind; least depth of caudal 

 peduncle 3%; pectoral V/i; ventral 1%. 



