FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE SEAS AND ADJACENT WATERS 407 



Depth 3% to 4; head 3^ to 3%, width 2% to 2%. Snout 3% in 

 head from snout tip; eye 3% to 4^, 1% in snout, greater than inter- 

 orbital; maxillary reaches opposite eye center, length 2% in head; 

 teeth villiform, outer row enlarged above, inner row enlarged below; 

 interorbital low; preopercle edge entire. 



Scales 90 along above lateral line to caudal base, 75 along below; 

 9 to 10 above (10 above anal origin to lateral line on figure). 



D. X, I, 27 to 32, fourth spine 2 in total head length, first ray 

 2%; A. II, 6 to 8, second spine strong, l%o in head or equals post- 

 ocular; caudal 1}^ in head, cuneate; least depth of caudal peduncle 

 4)4; pectoral 1%; ventral IK, first ray ends in short filament. 



Above dilute blue-gray, sides and below silvery. Iris yellow, 

 brown above. Opercle with diffuse bluish purple blotch above. 

 Fins yellowish. Dorsal and caudal dusted with brown. Length, 

 282 mm. (Bleeker.) 



Known only from Sumatra and Singapore. 



Genus SCIAENA Linnaeus 



Sciaena Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 288, 1758. (Type, Sciaena cirrosa 

 Linnaeus, designated by Bleeker, Arch. Neerland. Sci. Nat. Harlem, vol. 

 11, p. 326, 1876.) 



Sciena Bonnaterre, Tabl. Ichth., p. LIV (119), 1788. (Type, Sciaena cirrosa 

 Linnaeus.) (Error.) 



Umhrina Cuvier, Regne Animal, vol. 2, p. 297, 1817. (Type, Sciaena cirrosa 

 Linnaeus, designated by Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861, 

 p. 86.) 



Attilus Gistel, Naturg. Thierreich, p. 109, 1848. (Type, Sciaena cirrosa Lin- 

 naeus, monotypic.) 



Ctenosciaena Fowler and Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 63, art. 19, p. 15, 1923. 

 (Type, Sciaena dubia Fowler and Bean, orthotypic.) 



Body ovate, oblong. Snout prominent, with conspicuous pores. 

 Chin with similar pores. Rather tliick, short, single barbel on 

 chin. Lower jaw little shorter than upper. Teeth in villiform 

 bands in jaws, outer series above enlarged and no canines. Gill 

 rakers few, short, often several below rudimentary. Pseudo- 

 branchiae present. Air bladder present. Lateral line with tubes 

 more or less branched. Dorsal deeply notched or divided nearly 

 as two fins, first spine very short. Anal spines strong, first short. 

 Caudal rounded, truncate, or emarginate. 



Warm seas, sometimes running into rivers. Among Indo-Pacific 

 genera known chiefly by the presence of a distinct barbel at the chin. 

 The restriction by Gill in 1861 of Cheilodipterus aquila Lacepede as 

 the type of Sciaena is not acceptable, as this species is not listed 

 separately or as a distinct component in the Linnaean genus Sciaena. 



