FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE SEAS AND ADJACENT WATERS 341 



and 7 or 8 below, also band on vomer and each palatine; interorbital 

 3K to 3%, broadly convex. Gill rakers 4 to 7 + 16 to 18, lanceolate, 

 equal gill filaments or 1 }2 in eye ; 3 or 4 above and 5 or 6 below rudi- 

 mentary tubercles. 



Scales 30 to 32 in lateral line to caudal base and 2 more on latter; 

 2 or 3 above, 6 below, 13 predorsal scales forward nearly to snout 

 tip; 3 rows of scales on cheek below e3^e. Tubes of lateral line with 

 about 5 to 8 tubules. Scales with 5 or 6 basal radiating striae; 33 

 (young) to 185 apical denticles, with 2 to 13 transverse series of basal 

 elements; circuli very fine. 



D. VII or VIII-I, 7, I, third spine IK to VA in head, first branched 

 ray 1% to 2}i; A. I, 6, i, first branched ray 1% to 1%; caudal 1 to IY4, 

 deeply forked, with slender pointed lobes; least depth of caudal 

 peduncle 2% to 3K; pectoral 1^ to 1%; ventral 1% to Iji 



Figure i2.— Upeneus tragula Richardson, young 



Back dark umber-brown, all more or less mottled or speckled with 

 blackish. Blacldsh brown band less than eye in width, along each 

 side of snout to eye then over postocular until finally crossing lateral 

 line below soft dorsal and finall}^ various and reaching median base of 

 caudal. Below dark lateral band ground color whitish, but on sides 

 of body mottled or speclded with dusky. Iris brown or slate-gray, 

 narrow yellow circle around pupil. Barbels whitish. Spinous dorsal 

 gray, darker terminally and blotched with whitish. Soft dorsal pale 

 brown with 3 or 4 dark irregular longitudinal bands. Caudal pale 

 brownish to whitish on inner edges, each lobe with 9 oblique dusky to 

 blackish bands, those of lower lobe mostly broader and more blacldsh, 

 also not reaching lower fin edge. Other fins all dull brownish with 

 obscure dark bands, frequently broken as spots. 



Suez, Aden, Arabia, Zanzibar, Natal, Maklives, Ceylon, Andamans, 

 Singapore, East Indies, Philippines, North Austraha, Queensland, 

 New South Wales, Indo-China, China, Formosa, Japan, Riu Kiu. 

 A very handsome and abundant species, easily known by its swarthy 



