SILICIOUS AND HORNY SPONGES WILSON. 481 



A third specimen, a shallow vase 50 mm. high, 70 mm. wide, was 

 taken along the shore in the vicinity of Eamblon. The dermal areas, 

 of course, vary, but there is the same general difference between 

 the two surfaces as noted for the first specimen. 



The fourth specimen, locality unknown, is fiabellate, 75 mm. high, 

 130 mm. wide. In the upper part there is the same difference be- 

 tween the two surfaces, in respect to the dermal areas, as in the first 

 specimen. In the lower part of the body, the nonoscular (outer) 

 surface is minutely tuberculate, owing to the subdivision of the 

 clusters of radial fibers which support the dermal areas in the 

 typical surface pattern. 



Lendenfeld (1889, p. 199) gives the distribution in detail, record- 

 ing numerous localities in the Indian Ocean, including the Philip- 

 pines, Tropical Pacific, and Australian Seas. Since his monograph, 

 the species has been taken several times. Keller (1889-91) and Top- 

 sent (1906) record it for the Red Sea. Topsent, however, ex- 

 presses some doubt as to the specific identity of the forms grouped 

 together by Lendenfeld, and notes that the particular form studied 

 by him is that recorded by Hyatt (1877, p. 541) as Carteriospongia 

 otaJiitica. Topsent also records the species from Amboina (1897, 

 p. 483), and Lendenfeld (1897, p. 124) from Zanzibar. Topsent 

 (1920<?, p. 317) has recently added Spongia peniciUata Esper to the 

 list of s3 f nonyms of this species. 



PHYLLOSPONGIA ALIENA, new species. 



Plate 51, fig. 10 ; plate 52, figs. 1, 3, 5. 



Station D5174, one specimen (alcoholic). Sponge, a vase 120 mm. 

 high and about as wide across the mouth ; wall of vase 8 mm. thick. 

 Outer surface smooth, without oscula. Inner surface appears 

 granular to the eye, with numerous oscula 1 mm. to 1.5 mm. in 

 diameter. Color, whitish. 



Outer surface occupied by rounded pore areas about 100 jx. in 

 diameter, without skeleton, separated by narrow trabeculae, 30-40 \i 

 thick, full of sponge spicules and sand grains, and forming a 

 reticulum. No horny fibers in the dermal membrane of this or the 

 inner surface. 



Inner surface likewise exhibits a dermal skeletal reticulum, the 

 trabeculae of which are made up of spicules and sand grains. But 

 this is interrupted by very numerous aggregations of sand and 

 spicules, to which is due the granular appearance of this surface. 

 Perhaps this appearance of both surfaces, as respects detail, varies 

 with the closure or opening of the pores. Flagellated chambers 

 30-40 \k in diameter. 



