PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES' NATIONAL MUSEUM. 91 



of tlie complete intergradation of the forms which they designate ; it 

 "Will also indicate the number and names of the more pronounced races 

 I have been able to make out, arranged in chronological sequence, the 

 full synonymy of each being given separately further on. 



There are now before me 44 specimens of Scops-owls from Tropical 

 America, different si^ecifically from S. harharus, S. Jiamineolus, and S. 

 7iudip€s, and also very distinct from the hairy-toed members of the 

 genus. This series appears, at first sight, to be made up of several 

 distinct species, there being no less than six very pronounced types 

 of coloration represented ; these different styles being so exceedingly 

 different in appearance that in the absence of intermediate specimens 

 no one would hesitate to recognize their specific distinctness. 



These different styles are more or less characteristic of separate geo- 

 graphical areas; thus, the '^hrasilianus^^ type prevails over Eastern 

 South America, "i/sfi<s" in Upper Amazonia and in Columbia, '■'■guate- 

 make'''' in Central America, and '•'■ cassinV in Eastern Mexico. They 

 thus partake somewhat of the nature of geographical races; were they 

 strictly such, the case would be very much simplified ; but such, unfor- 

 tunately, is not the case, since it frequently occurs that extreme speci- 

 mens of one form may be found in a region of which it is not typical, 

 ■while several, if not all, of them may be represented in a sufficiently 

 extensive series from a single district! Thus, we have true ''■ guatemalce^'' 

 from Bahia, Brazil; pure hrasilianus from Costa Rica and Guatemala; 

 and a specimen apparently very much like ^^tistus^^ from Sta. Catarina, 

 S. E. Brazil. 



In the absence of specimens of neutral or intermediate character, 

 these facts would not be antagonistic to the theory of specific distinct- 

 ness of the forms named above, but, on the contrary, would be decidedly 

 confirmative, since they would do away with the probability that the 

 variations are purely the result of geographical impress. Generalized 

 specimens, however, or those which are not typical of either one or the 

 other of the several reces, constitute a very large proportion of the 

 "whole.* 



It is in consideration of all these facts that we are led to conclude 

 that the several particular forms we have named above, however distinct 

 they may appear when the most specialized examples are compared, 

 are but " strains " of a single species, tending toward the establishment 

 of permanent geographical races (and in the course of time distinct spe- 

 cies), but which, in consequence of the non-extinction of specimens of 

 a generalized nature, have not yet passed the incipient stage. 



The variations in this species involve not only differences in the 

 colors themselves, but in the character and distribution of the markings, 

 scarcely two examples being exactly alike. Variations of a purely 



*A specimen from Mazatlan, Western Mexico, in the gray phase, is so exactly inter- 

 mediate between guaiemalw and hrasilianus that it cannot be referred more properly to 

 one than to the other. 



