THE BIRDS OF NORTHERN THAILAND 69 



Adults have the lores and a patch on each side of the forehead white ; 

 the sides of the head brownish gray ; the upperparts dark brown, the 

 feathers of the crown and upper back tipped and edged rufous, the up- 

 per tail coverts tipped white ; the exposed portion of the tail crossed 

 by three black bars; the throat white, with a broad black mesial 

 stripe ; the breast grayish rufous-brown with white spots ; the under 

 tail coverts white; the remaining underparts barred white and gray- 

 ish rufous-brown. Immatures have the upperparts brown, washed 

 with rufous ; the underparts white, on the breast streaked with rufous- 

 brown, on the abdomen barred with the same color; the other parts as 

 in the adults. 



BUTASTUR LIVENTER (Temminck) 

 RUFOUS-WINGED BUZZARD EAGLE 



Falco liventer Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches coloriees d'oiseaux, livr. 



74, 1827, pi. 438 (Celebes, Sumatra, Java, and India). 

 Butastur liventer, Gyldenstolpe, Journ. Nat. Hist Soc. Siam, 1915, p. 234 



(listed) ; Ibis, 1920, p. 747 (Khun Tan). — de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. 



Sci. Philadelphia, 1929, p. 578 (Chiang Saen). — Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. 



Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1931, p. 166 (Doi Suthep) ; 1936, p. 76 (Doi Suthep). 



The rufous-winged buzzard eagle is a not uncommon permanent 

 resident of the deciduous forests of the plains and the lower hills (to 

 2,700 feet). A specimen in Stockholm was taken by Eisenhofer at 

 Khun Tan and is probably the one mentioned by Gyldenstolpe. I have 

 observed the species near Wiang Pa Pao in April and have collected 

 it at Chiang Mai in September and January and at Ban Salaeng, May 

 1, 1936. 



Near Chiang Mai, in March, I watched a pair that were doubtless 

 about to breed. They were in hot, leafless woods, and one pursued the 

 other from treetop to treetop, or followed it up into the air, where 

 they swooped and dived, both uttering a loud and continuous 

 squealing. 



The stomach of one of my specimens was filled with crabs. 



Owing to the coarse, hard leaves of the type of jungle inhabited by 

 these birds, the plumage becomes very worn and the color washed out. 

 My May specimen has the feathers very frayed. The bird of Septem- 

 ber 24 has the second primary on each side partly ensheathed and the 

 second rectrix from outside on each side not fully grown. 



An adult male had the irides lemon-yellow ; the orbital skin, lores, 

 and cere deep yellow ; the basal half of the bill horny yellow, the rest 

 black ; the feet and toes deep yellow ; the claws black. 



Mature birds in fresh plumage have the feathers of the head and 

 upper back light brownish gray with blackish shafts; the remaining 

 upperparts rufous with black shafts; the tail deep rufous with a 

 blackish subterminal band and about three narrow, incomplete bars 

 of black ; the throat mixed white and gray ; the breast light brownish 



