154 BULLETIN 186, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Streptopelia cMnensis tigrina, de Schatjensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 

 1929, p. 580 (Chiang Mai, Mae Rim) ; 1934, p. 273 (Doi Chiang Dao).— 

 Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Snppl., 1931, p. 167 (Chiang Mai) ; 

 1936, p. 85 (Chiang Mai).— Riley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 172, 1938, p. 114 (Ban 

 Nam Khian, Mae Hong Son, Mae .Khan). 



The nok hhao abounds throughout the cultivated portions of all our 

 provinces and is well known to everyone. It is chiefly a bird of the 

 plains but is seen also on the mountains wherever the forest has been 

 cleared : on Doi Ang Ka, I found it extremely common in the valley 

 below Pha Mon, right up to the edge of the evergreen at 4,400 feet. 



This dove is normally seen in pairs, perching in the bamboos or 

 sedately walking on the ground at dry places, and even when large 

 numbers occur together, as they do in the fields after harvest, the 

 apparent flocks break up into twos when disturbed. 



At Chiang Mai, although this species was more often the victim of 

 gunners than any other and many were snared for the market, either 

 by the use of bird lime or by traps baited with rice, it was, neverthe- 

 less, one of the commonest birds of the district. 



A specimen taken May 27 had the gonads enlarged and another of 

 January 29 had them greatly enlarged. It is probable that some pairs 

 are breeding at any time of the year, for the nuptial flight display may 

 be witnessed in the countryside almost daily: in this act, the bird 

 flies up almost vertically from the top of a tree, then volplanes back 

 to the same spot in a wide arc, with tail spread and wings stiffly 

 outstretched. 



The song, one of the most familiar sounds of early morning in the 

 villages, where it is the favorite cage bird, may be represented as 

 cob-cob-cob' -o-o-o or c-cob', c-c-cob', cob, with the accented notes higher. 



A breeding female had the irides yellowish pink; the orbital region 

 plumbeous ; the bill black ; the feet and toes violet-red ; the soles pale 

 brownish ; the claws horny black. 



This dove has the crown vinaceous, suffused with gray ; a broad black 

 collar beginning at the sides of the neck and crossing the nape, each 

 feather bifurcate and with a white or brownish spot at each tip ; the 

 remaining upperparts dull brown, many of the feathers with narrow 

 pale rufous edges ; the outer tail feathers black with very broad white 

 tips ; the wing brown, with shoulder and some of the greater coverts 

 ashy gray; the underparts vinaceous-pink, paler on the throat, be- 

 coming gray on the flanks, pale buff on the abdomen, and white on the 

 under tail coverts. 



STREPTOPELIA TRANQUEBARICA HUMILIS (Temminck) 



Indo-Chinese Red Dove 



Columba humilis Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches coloriees d'oiseaux, 

 livr. 44, 1824, pi. 259 and text (Bengal, Luz6n). 



