THE BIRDS OF NORTHERN THAILAND 13 



March 18, 1938, Huai Chang. 



March 20, 1938, Doi Suthep. 



March 23, 1938, Huai Mae Ta Man. 



March 24, 1938, Huai Mae Ta Man, Muang Koet. 



March 25-26, 1938, Huai Mae Ta Man. 



March 27, 1938, Mae Taeng. 



March 28, 1938, Chiang Mai. 



April 1-A, 193S, Chiang Mai. 



April 5-8, 1938, Doi Suthep. 



April 10-11, 1938, Chiang Mai. 



April 14-19, 1938, Doi Chiang Dao. 



Between November 1938 and March 1939, the VII e Expedition 

 Ornithologique en Indochine Francaise, under the leadership of Jean 

 (-Baptiste Theodore Alexandre) Delacour (1890- ), accom- 

 panied by James Cowan Greenwat, Jr. (1903- ), visited the 

 western parts of Haut-Laos and traveled along the left bank of the 

 Mae Khong opposite Chiang Eai Province. While at no time did 

 the party collect in Thai territory, yet several unusual birds were 

 added to the northern Thai list by their having been discovered on 

 the bars and islands of the river between the two countries; these 

 forms are noted in their proper places in my text. 



GEOGRAPHY 



Northern Thailand, as it is to be understood in the following pages, 

 embraces all pre-war Thailand north of a somewhat arbitrary line 

 drawn due east and west at about latitude 17° 47' N., at the point 

 where the Mae Yuam enters the Mae Moei (Thaungyin) just south 

 of the latter's confluence with the Salwin. (Map 1.) This area then 

 includes the whole of Chiang Rai Province and large parts of the 

 provinces of Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, 

 Phrae, and Nan. Owing to the absence of natural boundaries be- 

 tween Chiang Mai and Lamphun, the latter is consistently treated as 

 simply a part of Chiang Mai and will never be mentioned again in 

 this study. The area covered is something considerably under 35,000 

 square miles and thus smaller than the State of Maine; its population 

 is perhaps 1,500,000 and very unequally distributed. 



At latitude 20° N., where the great rivers Salwin and Mae Khong 

 part company to make room on the map for Thailand, the main ridge 

 of mountains between them broadens and, with the name Daen Lao, 

 becomes the greater part of the boundary between Thailand and the 

 Shan States of Burma. The Daen Lao at the same time divides into 

 a number of roughly parallel ranges running in general from north- 

 northeast to south-southwest. The westernmost, called the Thanon 

 Thong Chai, continues southward under various names, at last to 

 form the backbone of the Malay Peninsula. The next to the east, the 

 Khun Tan range, is followed by the Western and Eastern Phi Pan 



