THE BIRDS OF NORTHERN THAILAND 213 



The present form is distinguished from our resident hoopoe by 

 having the general color more earthy brown, much less suffused with 

 rufous above and vinaceous below, and by having the longer posterior 

 feathers of the crest subterminally marked with white. 



UPUPA EPOPS LONGIROSTRIS Jerdon 



Burmese Hoopoe 



U[pupa] longirostris Jerdon, Birds of India, vol. 1, 1862, p. 393 (Burma; type 

 locality restricted to Rangoon, by Stuart Baker, Fauna of British India, 

 Birds, ed. 2, vol. 4, 1927, p. 312). 



Upupa epops indica, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1913, 

 p. 56 (Den Chai, Pak Pan) ; Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siani, 1915, p. 232 (listed). 



Upupa epops longirostris, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1916, 

 p. Ill (Khun Tan) ; Ibis, 1920, p. 585 ("Throughout the whole country"). — 

 de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1929, p. 574 (Chiang Rai, 

 Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep) ; 1934, p. 264 (Doi Chiang Dao, Doi Suthep, Chiang 

 Mai). — Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1931, p. 162 (Chiang 

 Mai, Doi Suthep) ; 1936, p. 94 (Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep).— Riley, U. S. Nat. 

 Mus. Bull. 172, 1938, p. 189 (Chiang Dao, Muang Pai, Mae Hong Son). 



The Burmese hoopoe is a locally common permanent resident 

 throughout the North. Eisenhofer sent to Hannover a female taken 

 at Den Chai, February 10, 1912, and to Stockholm eight undated speci- 

 mens from Khun Tan. In addition to localities listed above, I have 

 it from Doi Ang Ka, Ban Mae Klang, Chom Thong, Doi Langka, 

 Wiang Pa Pao, Muang Fang, Ban Mae Mao, and Chiang Saen Kao. 

 It is chiefly a bird of the plains but is found also on the mountains at 

 suitable places : On Doi Ang Ka it occurs at 4,200 feet (breeding) ; on 

 Doi Chiang Dao it has been collected at 4,700 and 5,000 feet; for 

 Doi Suthep there are three records at 2,000, 2,600, and 4,500 feet 

 (stragglers). 



The wastelands devoted to cremations and the shrub-grown grassy 

 slopes about the ruined phrachedi dotting the fields are the favorite 

 haunts of the hoopoe, just as they are of the allied nightjar (C. a. monti- 

 colus), and at such places the two species are usually found together. 

 The hoopoe may also be seen in parklike glades of the deciduous forest 

 and frequently on the lawns of town gardens. When flushed it travels 

 only a short distance, with low and dipping flight, to drop again to 

 the ground behind some nearby bush. Ordinarily the beautiful crest 

 is kept folded and makes a continuous arc with the long, curved bill, 

 out at the moment of alighting and when the bird is alarmed it is 

 expanded like a fan, as it is also during delivery of the song — an 

 accelerated rendition of the syllable hoop, from which the English 

 name is derived. Stomachs I examined contained only insects. 



A male taken at Chiang Mai, February 25, had the gonads slightly 

 enlarged. I saw very young birds on Doi Ang Ka, April 29, 1931, and 



