THE BIRDS OF NORTHERN THAILAND 271 



An immature female taken by me at Chiang Mai, January 30, 1937, 

 with the wing measuring 108 mm. in length, seems to be referable to 

 the Japanese race. I place under this name also the two long- winged 

 females recorded (1938) by Kiley f rom Sichon (Peninsular Thailand). 



From whiteleyi, dasypus differs in having the longest upper tail 

 coverts black ; the white underparts suffused, especially on the breast, 

 with gray -brown ; the longer under tail coverts with more or less well- 

 marked gray-brown centers. 



The Chiang Mai bird differs from any other I have examined in hav- 

 ing the long, black upper tail coverts narrowly edged with white near 

 the tip; this is possibly a mark of immaturity. 



DELICHON DASYPUS CASHMERIENSIS (Gould) 



Kashmiri House Martin 



Chelidon Cashineriensis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 356 (Kashmir). 

 Deliclwn urbica cashmeriensis, de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 



1929, p. 560 (Doi Suthep). 

 Deliclwn urbica cashmeriensis [partim], Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. 



Suppl., 1931, p. 153 (Doi Suthep). 

 Deliclwn tirbica nigrimentalis, Chasen and Boden Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. 



Hist. Suppl., 1932, p. 238 (Doi Suthep).— Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. 



Hist. Suppl., 1936, p. 98 (Doi Suthep). 



De Schauensee has (in my opinion, correctly) identified as cash- 

 meriensis a male (wing length of 100 mm.) and a female (wing length 

 of only 94 mm., but with primaries in molt!), taken on Doi Suthep 

 at 5,500 feet, December 11 and 30, 1928. Chasen and Boden Kloss have 

 recorded (as nigrimentalis) a male collected by Aagaard at 4,600 feet 

 in the spring of 1931. 



House martins are irregularly common over Doi Suthep (4,600 to 

 5,500 feet) from November 15 (1930) to April 2 (1931) and were 

 numerous at 5,500 feet, May 11 and 12, 1935. On Doi Ang Ka I ob- 

 served a large flock at 6,500 feet in April 1931. The difficulties of 

 collecting these swallows in the hills are even greater than in the 

 lowlands, and it is quite impossible to know how many forms occur. 



The Kashmiri house martin differs from whiteleyi in the same 

 characters as dasypus; from the latter it is separable by its lesser size. 



The winter visitors to the hills of northern Thailand probably come 

 from the mountains of southwestern China, where there seems to be 

 a population intermediate between cashmeriensis and nigrimentalis 

 (if the latter be valid), varying greatly in size and occasionally 

 showing a dark chin spot, but on the whole nearer cashmeriensis. The 

 specimen recorded by Chasen and Boden Kloss (loc. cit.) is quite likely 

 an example of this unstable population rather than of true nigrimen- 

 talis (whose winter quarters are still unknown) ; since they lacked 

 comparative material and have failed to give measurements of their 

 bird, I cannot accept the identification with any confidence. 



