THE BIRDS OF NORTHERN THAILAND 323 



blackish) ; the wings black, with two white or yellowish-white bars 

 and the remiges conspicuously edged white or yellowish white; the 

 tail black ; the lores, eye ring, ear coverts, and entire underparts bright 

 yellow, more olivaceous along the sides of the body ; the under wing 

 coverts and the elongated, silky feathers of the lower flanks white. In 

 nonbreeding plumage, the old male resembles the immature male and 

 the adult female in having the black of the wings very dull ; the tail 

 colored like the back ; the underparts greenish yellow. 



Under tiphia I place all Thai populations that are too small for 

 styani and never acquire black on the crown in breeding plumage; 

 such birds seem to occur only in the provinces of Mae Hong Son, 

 Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phrae, and Nan. The whole of Thailand, 

 south and east of these districts, is inhabited by a form that is black- 

 capped in nuptial dress and not clearly separable from Oberholser's 

 micro?neIaena of Bangka (1923), which, in turn, is possibly identical 

 with Stuart Baker's humei of central India (1922). 



AEGITHINA TIPHIA STYANI La Touche 



YUNNANESE SMALL lORA 



Aegithina tiphia styani La Touche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 43, 1923, p. 174 

 ("South Yunnan [Szernao ?], not labelled"). 



Aeginthina tiphia tiphia [pa?'tim], de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- 

 phia, 1929, p. 536 (Chiang Rai, Chiang Saen). 



Aegithina tiphia tiphia [pai'tim], de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- 

 phia, 1934, p. 199 (Chiang Saen). 



The Yunnanese race of the small iora is restricted, in Thailand, to 

 the plains of Chiang Rai Province, where it is quite as common as 

 tiphia is in the other portions of our area. 



A series taken in the vicinity of Wiang Pa Pao between July 23 and 

 August 3 are in postnuptial molt. 



From tiphia, styani is separable only by its rather greater dimen- 

 sions, adult males of the latter having the bill noticeably longer and 

 heavier and, in unworn plumage, the wing length normally in excess 

 of 66 mm. 



In Chiang Rai, where it reaches the southwestern periphery of its 

 range, styani is certainly smaller than at the type locality but never- 

 theless, in adult males, exceeds the minimum measurements of the race. 

 Most of my adult males, collected in July and August, have the remiges 

 badly worn but are yet separable from tiphia by their more robust 

 bills. 



CHLOROPSIS AURIFRONS AURIFRONS (Teraminck) 



Burmese Orange-fronted Leafbird 



Phyllornis aurifrons Temjiinck, Nouveau recueil de planches coloriees d'oiseaux, 

 livr. 81, 1829, pi. 484, fig. 1 (Sumatra, error; type locality corrected to 

 "India," fide Bowdler Sharpe, Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, 



