330 BULLETIN 186, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Old birds have the irides yellow ; the bill, feet, toes, and claws black. 



The adult has the entire head and neck black, glossed with steel 

 blue; the remaining upperparts yellowish olive; the rectrices dull 

 dark brown, narrowly edged with yellowish olive; the entire under- 

 pays (below the neck) bright yellow, usually suffused with olive on 

 the breast and flanks. The juvenile, fide Gyldenstolpe (1916), has 

 the head and crest brownish olive with a faint purplish gloss on the 

 longest feathers of the latter ; the chin black, but the throat olive and 

 of the same color as the upperparts; the irides pale gray; the bill 

 horn color. 



With a wing length of 87 mm. in the male used as a convenient divi- 

 sion between the northern faviventns and the southern minor, the 

 population of our provinces just barely fall in with the latter race. 



PYCNONOTUS JOCOSUS ERYTHROTIS (Bonaparte) 



Tenasserimese Red-whiskered Bulbul 



I[xos] erythrotis Bonaparte, Conspectus generum avium, vol. 1, 1850, p. 265 

 (Java, error ; type locality corrected to Tavoy, by Chasen, Handlist of Malay- 

 sian birds, 1935, p. 204). 



Otocompsa emeria, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1913, p. 25 

 (Phrae) ; 1916, p. 70 (Tha Cbomphu) ; Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 1915, 

 p. 166 (listed). 



Otocompsa emeria emeria, Gyldenstolpe, Ibis, 1920, p. 493 ("Throughout the 

 whole country"). 



Otocompsa jocosa emeria, de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 



1928, p. 568 (Chiang Mai). 



Otocompsa jocosa erythrotis, de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 



1929, p. 540 (Chiang Mai, Chiang Saen, Chiang Saen Kao). — Deign an, Journ. 

 Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1936, p. 110 (Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep).— Riley, 

 U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 172, 1938, p. 385 (Ban Nam Khian, Phrae, Lampang, 

 Doi Langka, Doi Hua Mot, Chiang Mai, Muang Pai). — Gbeenway, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., 1940, p. 176 (Doi Nang Kaeo, Doi Ang Ka, Chiang Mai, Chiang 

 Dao). 



Elathea jocosa erythrotis, Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1931, p. 

 140 (Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep). — de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Philadelphia, 1934, p. 203 (Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep). 



The red- whiskered bulbul is, in our provinces, as truly a symbiont 

 of man as the starling, Acridotheres t. tristis, or the sparrow, Passer m. 

 malaccensis, and its numbers in a given locality accuratety reflect both 

 density of human population and the degree to which human occu- 

 pation has altered natural environment, In the orchards and gardens 

 of lowland towns and villages (with the curious exception of Chiang 

 Rai, where it is supplanted by the following species) the bird is abun- 

 dant; on the hills it appears only where some band of hillmen have 

 inhabited the same ground over a long period, as at Ban Nong Lorn 

 (4,400 feet) on Doi Ang Ka. About my camp on Phu Kha (4,500 



