338 BULLETIN 18 6, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



p. 568 (Doi Suthep). — Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1931, 



p. 139 (Doi Suthep). 

 Criniger tephrogenis henrici, de Schatjensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 



1929, p. 538 (Chiang Saen). 

 Criniger gularis henrici, de Schatjensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 



1934, p. 201 (Doi Suthep, Khun Tan, "Foot of Chieng Dao," ridge just 



south of Doi Chiang Dao). 

 Criniger tephrogenys henrici, Reley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 172, 1938, p. 374 



(Khun Tan, Huai Mae Sae, Doi Hua Mot). — Greenway, Bull. Mus. Comp. 



Zool., 1940, p. 175 (Doi Ang Ka, Doi Nang Kaeo, "Mae Wan River near Doi 



Saket," Doi Suthep). 



The criniger of the northern provinces is very common throughout 

 the area in districts with light evergreen or mixed-deciduous forest, 

 from the level of the plains to 3,800 (rarely to 4,600) feet. 



On Doi Suthep, between 2,400 and 3,800 feet, the loose bands of 

 this bulbul are conspicuous along the jungle tracks and attract atten- 

 tion by their loud notes, which combine melodious whistles with scold- 

 ing calls. The species may readily be recognized by its somewhat 

 ragged crest and its white throat, the feathers of which stand out as 

 if brushed the wrong way. It is frugivorous and, wherever there is 

 an abundance of food, may be seen in great numbers. 



A specimen from Doi Ang Ka, May 4, had the gonads greatly 

 enlarged. An example from Phrae Province, September 9, is in post- 

 juvenal molt and birds collected at various localities between August 

 29 and October 22 are in postnuptial molt. 



A breeding male had the irides dull brown ; the maxilla dark horny 

 plumbeous; the mandible plumbeous; the feet and toes horny pink; 

 the claws horny flesh. 



This large species has the crown and crest olivaceous-brown; the 

 upperparts brownish olive ; the remiges and rectrices brown ; the sides 

 of the head brownish gray ; the chin and throat white ; the remaining 

 underparts pale yellow, washed on the breast and sides of the body 

 with olivaceous and changing to buff on the under tail coverts. 



For those who are unwilling to accept the concept of the superspecies, 

 it might be feasible to group the definitely crested, white-throated 

 forms of CHniger in the Indo-Chinese countries and Malaysia in four 

 species, as follows : 



/. Both crest and tail relatively short. 



A. Abdomen bright yellow 1. Criniger xanthizurus balicus+xanthizurus 



B. Abdomen buffy or yellowish. 



2. Criniger tephrogenys frater+gutturalis+tephrogenys+robinsoni 

 II. Both crest and tail relatively long. 



A. Abdomen bright yellow 3. Criniger flaveolus burmanicus-J-flaveolus 



B. Abdomen buffy (southern group) or yellowish (northern group). 



4. Cringer ochraceus ruficrissus4-sumatranus+sacculatus 

 +ochraceus+cambodianus (southern group) 4-griseiceps 

 + annamensis + henrici + pallidus (northern group) 





