THE BIRDS OF NORTHERN THAILAND 299 



Oriolus trailli trailli, de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 

 1928, p. 557 (Doi Suthep) ; 1929, p. 557 (Doi Suthep, Chiang Saen).— 

 Chasen and Boden Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1932, p. 248 

 (Doi Suthep). 



Oriolus traillii traillii, Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1931, p. 

 151 (Doi Suthep) ; 1936, p. 102 (Doi Suthep).— de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1934, p. 232 (Doi Suthep, Doi Chiang Dao). 



Oriolus trailii trailii, Riley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 172, 1938, p. 297 (Doi Ang Ka, 

 Doi Suthep, Khun Tan, Doi Langka). 



The maroon oriole is rather common in heavy evergreen on the 

 mountains west of (and including) the Khun Tan chain and also on 

 Phu Kha, between 3,300 and 7,500 feet. During the cold weather, 

 some individuals occur in the same type of forest at lower levels, on 

 such a hill as Doi Suthep necessarily not descending below 2,000 feet 

 but, in Chiang Rai Province, appearing even on the plains. 



This species gathers in numbers at fruiting and flowering trees, and 

 museum specimens often have the face yellowed with pollen. The 

 only note I have heard is a catlike mew, quite unlike any call of the 

 golden orioles. 



A bird from Khun Tan, May 12, has almost completed the post- 

 natal molt; another, from Doi Suthep, July 16, is beginning post- 

 juvenal molt. An apparently adult male from Doi Suthep, February 

 3, is not in molt but wears a nondescript dress which, especially below, 

 combines the characters of male and female plumages in a most 

 extraordinary way. 



My examples had the iricles creamy yellow or buffy yellow; the 

 edges of the eyelids and the bill plumbeous-blue; the feet and toes 

 plumbeous; the soles yellow; the claws horny plumbeous. 



The adult male has the entire head and neck, the wings, and the 

 thighs black (the head, neck, and shoulders glossed with steel blue) ; 

 the rectrices dull maroon-crimson; the rest of the plumage shining 

 crimson-maroon, with the pure white bases of the feathers showing 

 through in places. The adult female has the upper half of the head 

 and the nape uniform dull black; the wings and back deep brown, 

 changing to maroon-brown on the rump and to dull maroon-crimson 

 on the upper tail coverts; the rectrices brownish maroon and dull 

 maroon-crimson; the underparts (except for the dull maroon-crimson 

 under tail coverts) grayish white, heavily streaked and spotted, on 

 the throat with blackish, elsewhere with deep brown. Birds in first- 

 winter dress resemble the adult female but have the streaks beneath 

 rather narrower and more clearly defined and not darker on the 

 throat than elsewhere. Juveniles have the throat and breast washed 

 with deep buff and deep buff edgings to the wing coverts and the 

 feathers of the mantle. 



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