THE BIRDS OF NORTHERN THAILAND 407 



fact that the last-named group got one also at the very base of Doi 

 Chiang Dao (1,280 feet) and Smith another at the foot of Doi Langka 

 seems to show that its distribution is governed wholly by the presence 

 of dense, evergreen forest, without regard to altitude. 



Those observed by me on Doi Ang Ka looked and acted like true 

 wrens, occurring in pairs in the heaviest jungle, where they stayed 

 near the ground, creeping about stumps, roots, and the tangle of fallen 

 trees. The usual call was a soft seep-seep but, during April, the males 

 frequently delivered a sweet song, loud out of all proportion to the 

 size of the singer. 



A male with the gonads greatly enlarged was taken on Doi Ang Ka, 

 April 28, while a bird in postjuvenal molt was collected there Sep- 

 tember 3. 



The breeding male had the irides dark brown; the maxilla black- 

 ish brown ; the mandible lighter brown, with the base and the corners 

 of the mouth fleshy white; the feet, toes, and claws fleshy. A male 

 with inactive gonads differed in having the entire bill blackish brown ; 

 the tarsi dusky flesh ; the toes fleshy plumbeous ; the claws light horny 

 brown. A nonbreeding female differed from the last only in having 

 the mandible paler than the maxilla and fleshy at the base. 



The adult of either sex has a short, ill-defined and partially con- 

 cealed white supraloral streak, usually ending somewhere above the 

 eye; the entire upperparts ferruginous olive-brown, the wings and 

 abbreviated tail more rufous; the sides of the head and neck fulvous- 

 brown; the underparts white, heavily and irregularly sullied with 

 fulvous-brown on the breast and sides of the body (this color forming 

 a broad but indefinite breast band). 



The present form, in my opinion, differs from nipalensis only in 

 that the adult male seems never to acquire a slate-blue plumage. Be- 

 tween carolinae and nangka I can find no difference at all. 



PHOENICURUS FULIGINOSUS FULIGINOSUS Vigors 



Indian Slaty-blue Water Redstart 



Phoenicura fuliginosa Vigors, Proc. Comm. Sci. Corr. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 1, 

 1830-1831 [=1831], p. 35 (Himalayas; type locality restricted to Simla- 

 Almora district, by Ticehurst and Whistler, Ibis, 1924, p. 471). 



Rhyacornis fuliginosa fuliginosa, Rogers and Deignan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- 

 ton, 1934, p. 91 (Doi Ang Ka). 



This water redstart occurs in small numbers along the Mae Klang 

 (Doi Ang Ka), at least between 2,800 and 3,500 feet, and commonly 

 along the Mae Mao and the Mae Chan, where these streams debouch 

 onto the plains. 



On Doi Ang Ka it associated with Phoenicurus leucocephalus, Eni- 

 curus schistaceus, Myophonus c. eugenei, and Cinclus pallasii, at a 



