THE BIRDS OF NORTHERN THAILAND 463 



Hypothymis azurea, Gyldenstolpe, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 1915, p. 169 



(listed). 

 Hypothymis azurea styani, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., 



1916, p. 79 (Khun Tan, Pans Hua Phong, Pha Kho, Tha Chomphu, Doi 



Pha Sakaeng) ; Ibis, 1920, p. 573 ("Throughout Siam proper"). — Deignan, 



Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1931, p. 145 (Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep) ; 



1936, p. 120 (Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep). — de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. 



Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1934, p. 220 (Chiang Mai, Khun Tan). — Riley, 



U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 172, 1938, p. 461 (Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Doi Hua 



Mot, Khun Tan, Lampang, Ban Nam Khian). 

 Hypothymis azurea montana Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 42, 1929, p. 



165 (Chiang Mai, North Thailand). 

 Hypothymis azurea stayani, de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 



1929, p. 548 (Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, Chiang Saen). 

 Hypothymis azurea montana, Chasen and Boden Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. 



Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1932, p. 240 (Doi Suthep). 



Throughout the northern provinces, this is the commonest resident 

 flycatcher of the plains and lower hills : it may be found in the low- 

 lands wherever some small stream or pool is shaded by bamboo and 

 other dense growth, in fruit gardens, and in the precincts of monas- 

 teries; on Doi Suthep and certain other mountains it appears again 

 in the mixed-deciduous and light evergreen forest between 2,000 and 

 3,500 feet. 



In the neighborhood of Chiang Mai, one pair or more of this 

 beautiful species may be seen in every outvillage, and the harsh call 

 note is not infrequently heard from groves of trees in the very heart 

 of the city. It differs from other resident members of the family 

 chiefly by its tameness and familiarity with man. 



Examples taken in the Khun Tan range, August 27 and 30, are in 

 postnuptial molt. 



An adult male had the irides dark brown ; the bill plumbeous-blue, 

 with the apical half of the maxilla black; the feet, toes, and claws 

 brownish slate. De Schauensee has noted (1929) that his specimens 

 had the irides dark brown; the bill dark plumbeous, tipped black; 

 the interior of the mouth olive-green ; the feet and toes dark 

 plumbeous. 



The adult male has a narrow frontal line, the extreme point of the 

 chin, a large patch on the nape, and a narrow gorget across the 

 uppermost breast velvety black; the rest of the plumage violet-blue, 

 brightest on the head and neck, dullest on the wings and tail (the 

 rectrices narrowly tipped with white), this color fading gradually 

 to pure white on the lower abdomen, the under tail coverts, axillaries, 

 and under wing coverts. The adult female differs from the adult 

 male in the absence of the black nuchal patch and gorget; in having 

 the mantle dull pinkish brown, the remiges and rectrices similar but 

 overlaid with blue; the blue of the head, neck, and breast paler and 

 duller. 



