512 BULLETIN 186, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Anthus rufulus [partim], Gyldenstolpb, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 1915, p. 171 



(listed). 

 Anthus rufulus, de Sohauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1928, p. 560 



(Chiang Mai). 

 Anthus richardi rufulus, de Sohauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 



1929, p. 561 (Chiang Mai). 

 Anthus richardi rufulus [partim], Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 



1931, p. 154 (Chiang Mai [partim]). — de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 



Philadelphia, 1934, p. 239 (Chiang Mai). 

 Anthus novae-seelandiae rufulus, Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 



1936, p. 121 (Chiang Mai). 

 Anthus richardi malayensis, Riley, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 172, 1938, p. 476 (Chom 

 , Thong). 



This small resident form is very common or even abundant in the 

 cultivated areas of all the six northern provinces. 



The paddy-field pipit occurs in the same places as the collared 

 bushlark, to which it bears a strong superficial resemblance, but it may 

 be readily distinguished by its slimmer body and longer tail, by the 

 absence of rufous in the wings, and the presence of white in the outer 

 rectrices. It has the habit, when alarmed, of running rapidly, then 

 stopping with neck stretched up and bill raised above the horizontal 

 (in an attitude of listening) , before running on again. The call note is 

 a tch-tch-tch, and the song, heard during the hot weather, a repeti- 

 tion of the syllables tiss'-yip, tiss'-yip, tiss'-yip, rendered as the singer 

 makes a little soaring flight. 



A male with the gonads greatly enlarged was taken at Ban Bu (Nan 

 Province), April 21; another with them enlarged at Ban Mae Chai 

 (Chiang Eai Province), May 10. Postnuptial molt begins re- 

 markably early and is already shown by the breeding bird of April 21, 

 as well as by all collected between May 26 and November 14; post- 

 juvenal molt, by an example of August 2. 



An adult had the irides brown; the maxilla dark horn brown, with 

 the edges of the commissure fleshy ; the mandible fleshy, with the tip 

 dark horn brown; the rictus and interior of the mouth yellow; the 

 feet and toes fleshy ; the claws fleshy horn. 



In fresh winter dress, this pipit has the entire upperparts brown, 

 suffused with buff, the feathers with brownish-black centers (obsoles- 

 cent or absent on the rump and shorter upper tail coverts) to give a 

 strongly streaked appearance; the wing feathers brownish black, 

 broadly margined along the outer web with buff (the buff tips to the 

 coverts forming two indistinct bars) ; the two outermost pairs of rec- 

 trices largely white, the remaining pairs brownish black ; a broad buff 

 superciliary streak; the underparts buff (albescent on the chin, throat, 

 and center of the abdomen) , with a band of short, narrow brownish- 

 black streaks across the upper breast, these streaks continued up the 

 sides of the throat to form a pair of narrow and broken mustachial 



