THE BIRDS OF NORTHERN THAILAND 569 



panied by the other lowland buntings. Stomachs examined by me 

 contained only rice. 



An adult male had the irides brown ; the maxilla dark horny brown ; 

 the mandible horny brown, fleshy beneath; the feet, toes, and claws 

 fleshy brown. 



Spring males have the front and forecrown, lores, ocular region, 

 ear coverts, chin, and upper throat black; the remaining upperparts 

 chestnut, most of the feathers fringed with ashy buff (some on the 

 mantle with black central streaks) ; the median upper wing coverts 

 white to form a conspicuous shoulder patch, the greater coverts chest- 

 nut, broadly tipped with white to form a bar; the remiges blackish 

 brown, the primaries narrowly edged with ashy buff, the secondaries 

 broadly edged and tipped with chestnut or chestnut-rufous; the 

 rectrices blackish brown, the central pair edged with chestnut, the re- 

 maining pairs with ashy buff, the outermost pair largely white (the 

 penultimate pair with a narrow white streak on the inner web) ; a 

 narrow chestnut gorget separating the throat from the breast (the 

 feathers fringed with ashy buff) ; the remaining underparts yellow, 

 albescent in the region of the vent and on the under tail coverts, boldly 

 streaked with deep chestnut or black along the flanks. The adult 

 female in winter has a broad black stripe at either side of the crown; 

 the center of the crown and the remaining upperparts ashy brown, 

 the feathers of the mantle with black central streaks, those of the 

 rump often partly chestnut; the median upper wing coverts tipped 

 with buffy white, the greater coverts with ashy buff, to form two in- 

 conspicuous wing bars ; the feathers of the wings and tail otherwise 

 like those of the male but the chestnut replaced by pale rufous; a 

 buff supercilium; the ear coverts brownish buff, edged all around 

 by a narrow black line; the entire underparts yellow (becoming buffy 

 cream on the under tail coverts) , washed with vinaceous-buff on the 

 breast and upper flanks, streaked with black along the flanks. First- 

 winter males at first resemble the female, and in any flock will be 

 seen many intermediate stages of plumage. 



EMBERIZA RUTILA Pallas 



Chestnut Bunting 



Emberiza rutila Paulas, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russisclien 

 Reichs, vol. 3, 1776, pp. 210, 698 (at the Onon River and toward the frontiers 

 of Mongolia). 



Emberiza rutila, Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1913, p. 41 

 ("Between Denchai and Pak Pan") ; Ibis, 1920, p. 458 (Den Chai).— Chasen 

 and Boden Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1932, p. 248 (Doi 

 Suthep). — Deignan, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., 1936, p. 127 (Doi 

 Suthep). — de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1934, p. 236 

 (Doi Suthep). 



