1336 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 237 part 3 



direction from which mid-winter influxes come, such as those reported 

 by McClure. 



In summary, the data presented in this section indicate flexi- 

 bility, as well as stability, of the location of winter flocks. Apparently 

 movement may occur during mid-winter as well as during the migra- 

 tion periods proper. We must think of wintering Gambel's sparrows 

 as geographically stable, in that some individuals return to the same 

 place winter after winter, but also as flexible, in that some may move 

 about during mid-winter. Perhaps the relatively low recapture per- 

 centage of banded white-crowned sparrows in any wintering popula- 

 tion reflects something more than mortality rates, or the low statistical 

 probability of retrapping a given banded individual. It is con- 

 ceivable that, during winter, some individuals may stay close to the 

 continuous food supply that a banding station provides, while others 

 may move about. In a species that shows high individual and 

 racial variability in every physiological character so far studied, there 

 is no reason to exclude the possibility of differences in individual 

 behavior in winter. As an example of an individual that moved 

 about during winter, T. E. Balch (personal communication) reports 

 banding a Gambel's sparrow at Glenn, Calif., Jan. 24, 1960; on 

 March 1 the same year the bird was taken 25 miles away at Chico, 

 Calif. 



Gambel's White-crowned Sparrow 



Distribution 



Range. — Central and western Canada and Alaska to Baja Cali- 

 fornia and central Mexico. 



Breeding range. — This race intergrades with Z. I. leucophrys on 

 the south shore of Hudson Bay from Churchill to James Bay. The 

 breeding range of the Gambel's white-crowned sparrow extends from 

 northern Ontario (Weenusk, Fort Severn) to northern Manitoba 

 (York Factory, Ilford, Hershmer, Churchill) into the Northwest 

 Territories, (South Henick Lake, Artillery Lake, Coronation Gulf, 

 Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie River Delta) west to the Yukon Terri- 

 tory (Lapierre House, Old Crow River) west to Alaska (Sheenjek 

 River, Colville River Delta, Koalak River, Pitmegea River, Cape 

 Lisburne) south in western Alaska (Kotzebue Sound, Wales, Nome, 

 Norton Sound, Mountain Village) to southwestern Alaska and the 

 Alaskan peninsula (Kanakanak, Nushagak, Egekik River, Port 

 Moller, Izembek Bay) northeast to the Kenai Peninsula, the Knik 

 Arm of Cook Inlet, to Copper Center, the Chitina River, into southern 

 Yukon Territory (Burwash Landing, Slims River mouth) into 

 British Columbia (Mile 85 on Haines Road, Bennett, Atlin, Telegraph 

 Creek, Chezacut Lake) to northern Washington (Hart's Pass) east to 



