EASTERN WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW 1287 



The eastern white-crown has apparently been extending its winter 

 range both eastward and northward since about 1950. A very few 

 now winter fairly regularly as far northeast as the New York City 

 region (John Bull, 1964), where winter reports were hardly credible 

 20 years earlier (Cruickshank, 1942), and quite unknown when Ludlow 

 Griscom (1923) summed up the status of that region's bird life. The 

 climatic amelioration of the first half of the century may have facil- 

 itated this range expansion, but such new land-use practices as the 

 planting of multiflora (Rosa multijiora) hedges and the great number 

 of bird-feeding stations that have come into vogue during this period 

 have unquestionably helped tide over individual birds. 



Distribution 

 Eastern White-crowned Sparrow 



Range. — Montana, northern Ontario, and Labrador south to central 

 Mexico. 



Breeding range. — The eastern white-crowned sparrow breeds from 

 north central and northeastern Manitoba (Churchill, Cape Tatnam, 

 intergrades with Z. I. gambelii), northern Ontario (Fort Severn), 

 northern Quebec (Richmond Gulf, Fort Chimo), and northern Lab- 

 rador (Port Burwell) south to central northern Ontario (Fort Albany), 

 central and southeastern Quebec (Lake Mistassini, Godbout, Blanc 

 Sablon), and northern Newfoundland (Flower Cove, St. Anthony). 



Winter range. — Winters from Kansas, central Missouri (Kansas 

 City, St. Charles County), central Kentucky (Louisville), West 

 Virginia (Charleston), and western North Carolina (Asheville) south 

 to Sinaloa (Elota), Aguascalientes, Nuevo Le6n (Monterrey), northern 

 Tamaulipas (Matamoros), Louisiana (Natchitoches, Hounia), and 

 south central Georgia (Tif ton, Savannah) ; casually north to southern 

 Michigan (Jackson) and southern Ontario (Toronto); south rarely 

 to southern Mississippi (Saucier), northwestern Florida (Pensacola), 

 and Cuba. 



Casual records. — Casual in north central Alaska (Togulak Lake), 

 northern Franklin (Fletcher's Ice Island at 82°37 / N., 99°50' W.), 

 Baffin Island (Taverner Bay, Lake Harbour) Greenland (Godthaab, 

 Fiskenaes), and in Bermuda. 



Migration. — The data deal with the species as a whole. Early 

 dates of spring arrival are: North Carolina — Raleigh, April 14. West 

 Virginia — Morgantown, May 3. District of Columbia— March 26 

 (average of 14 years, April 26). Maryland — Anne Arundel County, 

 April 10; Montgomery County, April 20; Laurel, May 2. Pennsyl- 

 vania — Renovo, April 22; Meadville, April 23; Beaver, average of 

 14 years, May 7. New York — Brooklyn, April 10; Yates County, 



