1362 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 23 7 part 3 



These birds have little distinctive about them, unless it be the fine 

 streaking on the otherwise unpatterned crown." 



Enemies. — D. D. McLean says in a letter, "Enemies include the 

 feral house cat, sharp-shinned hawk, pigeon hawk, boreal shrike, 

 pigmy owl, screech owl, marsh hawk, and occasionally the Cooper's 

 hawk. Among the major killers on their winter ranges in and around 

 cities are picture windows and windows in patios where the birds can 

 see through to other yards or shrubbery. During the first fall at my 

 present residence in San Jose, as many as four golden-crowns and 

 white-crowns were killed or badly injured in my neighborhood in one 

 day after the birds first arrived in the area. Our subdivision was built 

 up among the trees of a former prune and walnut orchard that appar- 

 ently had been a regular wintering area for Zonotrichia. Most of us 

 with patio windows now have split-bamboo drops to help prevent bird 

 losses. Automobiles kill many along our highways as the birds fly 

 across in front of speeding vehicles." 



In this connection light-houses should be mentioned for, being 

 night-migrants, many golden-crowns come to grief against them in 

 thick weather, as noted (Spring) at Destruction Island, and duplicated 

 at Triple Island light-house according to G. C. Odium (in litt.). 



Charles N. Richardson, Jr. (1908) watched a loggerhead shrike 

 pursue a golden-crown in the open and finally kill it after it had 

 sought protection in a thick bush. Ian McT. Cowan writes me of 

 four newly-hatched young in a nest he found July 13, 1930 in Tonquin 

 Valley, Jasper Park, being killed by a Columbian ground squirrel. 



Fall and winter. — F. S. L. Williamson wrote me from Anchorage, 

 Alaska, "The bulk of the birds leave this region in late July and early 

 August, but I have seen juveniles until mid-September." Willett 

 (1914) calls it an abundant migrant near Sitka "noticed from shoreline 

 to above timberline on the mountains," arriving September 1 and 

 still present in some numbers a month later. For the same area he 

 wrote some years later (1928), "Most plentiful in fall migration 

 between September 28 and October 12," with extreme dates of 

 September 8 and October 21. 



Concerning the southward flight Jewett et al. (1953) state: 



"In the fall the mountain route is evidently popular with the golden- 

 crowns, and the coast route nearly deserted. Our first records are 

 for the alpine parks of Mt. Rainier, not far from timber line, Septem- 

 ber 2, 1919. After this date the species became more and more 

 plentiful, occurring in scores or even hundreds in the moist subalpine 

 meadows and greatly outnumbering the Gambel and Lincoln sparrows 

 which also were common. * * * The main body of the migrating 

 golden-crowns in the fall seems to cross the Columbia in the vicinity 

 of Carson and Skamania, just where the river cuts through the Cascade 



