1606 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 23 7 part 8 



of the warmth of the rocks in the sun. After short nights or periods of feeding on 

 a nearby grassy bank, the birds returned to the rocks and resumed singing. 



Distribution 



Range. — Central Franklin, Greenland, northern Russia, and northern 

 Siberia south to northeastern Texas, southern Louisiana, northwestern 

 Mississippi, southwestern Ohio, eastern West Virginia, and Virginia. 



Breeding range. — The common Lapland longspur breeds from central 

 Franklin (Banks, Prince Patrick, Melville, and Devon islands), 

 Greenland (north to Thule and Scoresby Sound), Norway (lat. 71° 

 N.), northern Russia (Arkhangelsk Government), Franz Josef Land, 

 Novaya Zemlya, and the tundra of northern Siberia, including the New 

 Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island, south to central western Keewa- 

 tin (between Casba and Baker Lake: Hanbury River), northeastern 

 Manitoba (Churchill), northern Ontario (Little Cape, Cape Henrietta 

 Maria), northern Quebec (Cape Jones, Fort Chimo), northern Labra- 

 dor (Okak), southern Greenland (Cape Farewell), southern Norway 

 (Dovre), and central Sweden (lat. 63° N.); in eastern Siberia around 

 the Gulf of Anadyr; recorded in summer north to Ellesmere Island 

 (Slidre Fiord, Lake Hazen), and in Greenland to Germania Land. 



Winter range. — Winters from central northern Colorado (Barr), 

 central northern Nebraska (Wood Lake), central Minnesota (Otter 

 Tail County), central Wisconsin (Oconto County), central Michigan 

 (Newaygo and Tuscola counties), southern Ontario (Kitchener), 

 southern Quebec (Aylmer) , Vermont (St. Johnsbury), Maine (Lubec), 

 New Brunswick (St. John), and central Nova Scotia (Grand Pre) 

 south to Oklahoma, northeastern Texas (Dallas), southern Louisiana 

 (Jennings, New Orleans), northwestern Mississippi (Rosedale), 

 Alabama (south to Marion and Montgomery), western Tennessee 

 (Memphis), southwestern Ohio (Hamilton County), eastern West 

 Virginia (Moorefield) , and Virginia (Blacksburg, Shenandoah National 

 Park, Falls Church, Back Bay); casually to Utah (Tooele County), 

 Georgia (Augusta), Florida (Wilson), and Bermuda; and from England, 

 northern Europe, and central eastern Siberia to France, northern 

 Italy, Rumania, southern Russia, and Altai, casually to Iceland. 



Casual records. — Accidental in Baja California (Isla Cerralvo). 



Migration. — The data deal with the species as a whole. Early dates 

 of spring arrival are: Pennsylvania — State College, March 22. New 

 York — Nassau County, February 7. Massachusetts — Martha's Vine- 

 yard, February 27. New Hampshire — New Hampton, March 15. 

 Quebec — Seven Islands, May 25. Illinois — Urbana, February 12; 

 Chicago, March 20 (average of 6 years, April 19). Michigan — Battle 

 Creek, March 27. North Dakota — Red River Valley, February 19. 

 British Columbia — Okanagan Landing, March 9; Mackenzie Delta, 



