1608 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 23 7 part 3 



Hampshire — Pittsburg, September 30; New Hampton, October 22. 

 Massachusetts — Martha's Vineyard, October 18 (median of 5 years, 

 November 1). New York — Long Island, October 3. New Jersey — 

 Cape May, November 14. Pennsylvania — Erie, October 3; State 

 College, October 26. Maryland — Laurel, December 3. Virginia — 

 Shenandoah National Park, October 22. North Carolina — Swan- 

 nanoa, November 14. South Carolina — Chester, January 1. 

 Georgia — Augusta, January 1. Alabama — Gadsden, November 14; 

 Marion, December 1. Florida — northwestern Florida, October 25. 



Late dates of fall departure are: Alaska — Demarcation Point, 

 September 2; Point Barrow, September 4; Nome, September 10; 

 Attu, August 30; Glacier Bay, October 11; Kodiak, October 23; Cold 

 Bay, October 25. Yukon — Macmillan Pass, September 4. British 

 Columbia — Atlin, November 1. Manitoba — Treesbank, December 31 

 (average of 21 years, November 16). Kansas — northeastern Kansas, 

 November 26. Illinois — Chicago, December 14 (average of 11 years, 

 November 21). New York — Nassau County, November 26. 



Egg dates. — Baffin Island: 52 records, June 12 to July 9; 25 records, 

 June 22 to July 2. 



Victoria Island: 61 records, June 11 to July 21; 31 records, June 15 

 to June 24. 



Banks Island: 3 records, June 18 to July 10. 



Bylot Island: 15 records, June 22 to July 4. 



Manitoba: 15 records, June 12 to June 29. 



Prince of Wales Island: 3 records, June 28 to July 1. 



Southampton Island: 78 records, June 21 to July 17. 



CALCARIUS LAPPONICUS ALASCENSIS Ridgway 



Alaska Longspur 



PLATES 76 AND 77 



Contributed by Francis S. L. Williamson 



Habits 



It is frequently said that every biologist should, at least once 

 during his life, visit the tropics, particularly an equatorial rain forest 

 with its amazing wealth of plant and animal species and its con- 

 comitant ecological complexity. More than elsewhere on earth the 

 tropical environment affords unequalled opportunity to gain apprecia- 

 tion for evolutionary diversification. I think, however, it must also 

 be said that every naturalist should at some time visit the arctic 

 tundra, a relatively bleak and windswept environment characterized 

 by a striking diminution of species of plants and animals and a con- 



