So JOURNAL OF THE 



rock to some extent used in building in that immediate locality. In 

 places this rock is replaced by a brown ferruginous sandstone 21 to 

 3 feet thick. A third of these patches, and in many respects the 

 most interesting of them, is one which occurs near Manly, a station 

 on the Raleigh and Augusta Air line Railroad in Moore county, on top 

 of an elevated hill known locally as Shaw's Ridge. Capping this 

 ridge in places, at an elevation of more than 500 feet above sea 

 level, is a rather soft, porous, chalky rock, containing the *ame 

 eocene fossils which characterize the patches of Wake and Harnett 

 counties, underlaid with sands and clays. At one place (locally 

 known as "Paint Hill ") this layer of rock is a spongy limestone, 

 with a thickness of 2 feet, containing eocene fossils. Under this 

 comes 5 to 6 feet of clay, laminated, shaly. Under this latter 2 feet 

 of sand containing pebbles and petrified wood, and this last in turn 

 is underlaid with brown sand and clay, irregularly bedded, of un- 

 known thickness. 



The discovery of eocene fossils in the rock capping the last men- 

 tioned of these hills is of special importance, on account of the fact 

 that the railroad cut passing through a portion of this ridge exposes 

 to view some of the beds underlying the f ossiferous layer cf rock 

 capping the ridge. These beds are made up of clay, sand and gravel, 

 almost always irregularly bedded, and often showing as fine an ex- 

 ample of the flow and plunge structure as it has been the writer's 

 good fortune to see. These underlying beds are wanting in fossils, 

 so far as observation has shown. In ev^ery respect they are similar 

 to beds exposed in railroad cuts at places along the Raleigh and 

 Augusta Air-iine Railroad, for several miles, both south and north of 

 Manly, and along the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Railway, be- 

 tween Sanford and Fayetteville; and further, these Manly beds bear 

 so close a resemblance to the sand and gravel deposits exposed along 

 the bluffs of the Cape Fear river, below Fayetteville, both in char- 

 acter of materials and in character of bedding — flow and plunge 

 structure — that, following the railroad from Manly to Fayetteville, 

 and then the deposits along the river banks belo^^ Fayetteville, one 

 is driven to the conclusion that these are all approximately of the 

 same age. And hence, that these irregularly bedded deposits of 

 sand and gravel which are exposed along the bluffs of the Cape Fear 

 river for a number of miles below Fayetteville, resting on the creta- 

 ceous below, belong properly to the eocene, and do not represent 

 the orange sand of Hilgurd, as was formerly believed. (Kerr's Geol. 

 of N. C, 1875, p. 155). This conclusion has ii like manner been 

 extended so as to include the beds of earth, gravel and sh ngle, cap- 



