STARFISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE SEAS. 3 



registered in the bibliography as Fisher 1911(?, 1913(2, 19136*, 19166, 

 1917a:, 19176, while notes bearing directly upon Philippine material 

 are contained in 191G<2, 1917«, 1917/, and 1918. Keys to orders, 

 families, and genera will be found in 1911^/ and 1906. 



The bulk of the photographs illustrating this report were prepared 

 under the direction of Mr. T. W. Smillie, of the United States Na- 

 tional Museum, from specimens arranged by the writer. The draw- 

 ings illustrating structural details, and the photographic figures of 

 the Asteriidae and Brisingidae were made by the writer. 



INTRODUCTION. 



References to the starfishes of the Philippines are found in scat- 

 tered papers dealing with larger areas or in such general works as 

 Gray's Synopsis of the Genera and Species of the Class Hypostoma, 

 Perrier's Revision des Stellerides, and Sladen's Challenger Asteroi- 

 dea. There are no special papers dealing with the Philippine star- 

 fish fauna, with the single exception of that by Bell On the Echino- 

 derms collected during the Voyage of H. M. S. Penguin and H. M. 

 S. Egeria, when surveying Macclesfield Bank. This bank is about 

 300 miles west of Lingayen Gulf, Luzon, about midway between 

 Luzon and Annam, and is outside of Philippine waters as classified 

 in this report. 



J. E. Gray ^ (1840) in his well-known paper assigns the following 

 new species to Luzon : 



Randaaia luzonica. Nardoa tuherculata. 



Othilia luzonica. 



The following are from Migupou,^ probably a Philippine locality : 



Metrodira suhulata. 



Tamaria fusca {^Ophidiaster fuscus). 



Nepanthia maculata. 



In 1844 Miiller and Troschel describe in Wiegmann's Archiv' 

 Linckia pusilla { = Ophidiaster pusillus) from the Philippine Islands. 



In 1847 Gray describes Hosia spinulosa {=Anthe7iea spinulosa) 

 from the Indian Ocean and Philippine Islands. 



Von Martens (1866) mentions the following species: 



Echinaster fallax Miiller and 1ltosc\\q\= Othilia luzonica Gray= 

 0. purpurea Gray, Luzon. 



Echinaster Solaris Schmidel=ylc«nMas^er planci (Linnaeus), 

 Zamboanga, Mindanao, reef. 



Linckia miliaris (Linck)=Z. laevigata (Linnaeus), Zamboanga. 



1 See Bibliography, p. 541, for titles. 



^ Mr. Alviu Scale, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, tells me that he has sailed 

 past a Migupou I'oint, bvit does not r(>cfill now whether it is on Luzon or on Minilanao. 

 I have not been able to find it on available maps. Possibly this is the locality to which 

 Gray refers. 



sjahrgang 10, vol. 1, j). ISO. 



