EASTERN CARDINAL 15 



shrubbery when the ground is covered with snow and the world seems 

 hfeless. And, perhaps on a sunny winter morning, he may cheer 

 us with a few notes of his flutehke song. 



DiSTRIBUIION 



Range. — The eastern cardinal is resident from southeastern South 

 Dakota (Union and Clay counties), Central Minnesota (Madison, St. 

 Cloud), northern Wisconsin (Washburn and Lincoln counties), 

 northern Michigan (Mackinac, Emmet, and Cheboygan counties), 

 southern Ontario (Owen Sound, Port Hope), western New York 

 (Rochester, Geneva), northwestern Vermont (Burlington), and 

 eastern Massachusetts (Waltham, Arlington, Annisquam), south 

 through central Nebraska, western Kansas, and western Arkansas to 

 northeastern Texas, central Louisiana (Lepcompte), the Gulf coast of 

 Mississippi and Alabama, the western panhandle of Florida, and 

 southern Georgia (except the southeastern section). 



Casual records. — Casual north to eastern Colorado (Littleton), 

 central northern and central North Dakota (Minot, Bismarck), 

 southern Saskatchewan (Craven), southeastern Manitoba (Winnipeg, 

 occassionally breeding), eastern Ontario (Algonquin Park), Quebec, 

 Maine, and Nova Scotia (Halifax). Range is extending steadily 

 northward. 



Introduced. — Hawaii. 



Migration. — Essentially nonmigratory. Some wandering of imma- 

 tui'e birds in fall; some movement, mostly local in scope, in March. 



Egg dates. — Georgia: 32 records, April 19 to July 8; 17 records, 

 May 1 to May 23. 



Illinois: 53 records, April 15 to July 28; 20 records. May 6 to May 30. 



Maryland: 187 records, AprU 10 to August 19; 94 records, April 28 

 to June 2. 



Michigan: 82 records, April 20 to August 27; 43 records. May 12 

 to June 15. 



New Jersey: 20 records, March 2 to July 11; 10 records, April 21 

 to May 10. 



New York: 22 records, April 16 to August 16; 11 records. May 10 

 to June 10. 



Ontario: 20 records, April 21 to July 15; 10 records, May 7 to 

 May 25. 



South Carolina: 4 records, April 24 to July 13. 



Tennessee: 2 records, April 28, May 11. 



Texas: 34 records, March 24 to July 28; 17 records, April 29 to 

 June 7. 



