EUROPEAN GOLDFINCH 397 



continental North America. We probably shall never have the 

 pleasure of its company regularly again. 



Distribution 



Range. — The British European goldfinch is resident in the British 

 Isles. 



Casual records. — The British European goldfinch is casual in the 

 Hebrides, Shetlands, and Orkneys. It was introduced in Oregon 

 (Portland, 1890), Missouri (St. Louis, 1870), Ohio (Cincinnati, 1870), 

 New Jersey (Hoboken, 1878), Massachusetts (probably near Boston, 

 1889), and New Zealand. Not well established anywhere on the 

 North American continent. Escapes are reported from time to time 

 in western, central, and eastern United States and Ontario. The 

 Madeira European Goldfinch is resident in the Madeira, Azore, and 

 Canary Islands. It was introduced in Bermuda before 1860 and is 

 now well established there. 



ACANTHIS HORNEMANNI HORNEMANNI (HolboeU) 



Hornemann's Redpoll 

 Contributed by Oliver L. Austin, Jr. 



Habits 



In the few notes he left in his files on this redpoll, with which he 

 was not familiar in the field, Mr. Bent characterizes it as "the largest 

 and whitest of the redpolls, a lovely bird when in full plumage, with a 

 delicately rosy breast and a pure white rump." It is also one of the 

 rarest in continental North America of the five forms of this puzzling 

 genus currently recognized by the A.O.U. Check-List. According 

 to the 5th edition of the Check-List, it breeds "on Ellesmere Island 

 (Slidre Fiord), Baffin Island (Clyde Inlet), and in the northern half 

 of Greenland (Inglefield Land to Orpik on the west coast, Germania 

 Land to Scoresby Sound on the east coast) . Has been taken in sum- 

 mer months in Spitsbergen and Jan Mayen Island." It winters 

 mainly in the southern half of Greenland, but sometimes wanders 

 irregularly southward to Manitoba, Michigan, Ontario, Quebec, 

 Labrador, Sweden, Scotland, England, and France. 



One of the few ornithologists familiar with this form on its Green- 

 land breeding grounds, Finn Salomonsen (1950), considers its "general 

 life-habits are very similar to those of the Greenland [greater] Redpoll. 

 * * * In the breeding-time Hornemann's Redpoll is restricted to 

 the interior country, where it frequents hill-slopes and mountain-sides 

 at some altitude. The temperature is higher there than at sea level 



