EASTERN GOLDFINCH 465 



"In the 100 minutes of actual counting at a given station, 

 it is estimated that at least 6400 Goldfinches were seen. Inasmuch 

 as the flight extended from at least 7:40 A.M. to 12:20 P.M., or 280 

 minutes, an average of 50 birds per minute (which seems conservative) , 

 gives a total of not less than 14,000 Goldfinches in the movement. 

 How many passed before 7:40 A.M. and after 12:20 P.M., and how 

 many passed too far to the west to be seen, can only be conjectm-ed." 



Distribution 



Range. — Southern Canada to Gulf Coast states. 



Breeding range. — The eastern goldfinch breeds from central 

 Nebraska, southern and eastern Minnesota, central Ontario (Lake 

 Nipigon, Fraserdale), southern and eastern Quebec (Rouyn, Gasp4, 

 Anticosti Island), Prince Edward Island, and northern Nova Scotia 

 (Cape North) south to eastern Colorado (Fort Collins, Colorado 

 Springs, Fort Lyon), southern Oklahoma (Sulphur), northeastern 

 Texas (Cooke County), northern Louisiana (Monroe), northern 

 Mississippi (Bolivar County, Oxford), central Alabama (Autaugaville), 

 southwestern and central Georgia (Cuthbert, Macon), and northern 

 South Carolina (Pageland). 



Winter range. — Winters from northeastern Colorado (Willard), 

 central Nebraska (Stapleton), southeastern South Dakota (Yankton), 

 northeastern Alinnesota (Lake Vermillion), northern Michigan (Iron- 

 wood), southern Ontario (London), southwestern Quebec (Lac 

 Bonhomme), central New Brunswick (Frederic ton) , and central Nova 

 Scotia (Halifax) south to western Texas (Presidio County), central 

 Nuevo Le6n (Mesa del Chipinque), Veracruz (P^nuco), the Gulf 

 coast, and southern Florida (Miami). 



Casual records. — Casual in northern Ontario (Moose Factory), 

 Labrador (Cape Mugford), Newfoundland (Barachois Brook, Cuslett), 

 and Bermuda. 



Migration. — ^Early dates of spring arrival are: Virginia — Sweet 

 Briar, March 12. West Virginia — Charleston, March 7. District of 

 Columbia — ^March 11. Maryland — Laurel, March 20. New Jersey — 

 Morristown, March 19. Connecticut — Danbury, March 14, Massa- 

 chusetts — Martha's Vineyard, March 15. Vermont — Clarendon and 

 Woodstock, March 28. New Hampshire — New Hampton, April 15 

 (median of 21 years. May 5). Quebec — ^Hudson Heights, March 24. 

 New Brunswick — Moss Glen, April 12. Nova Scotia — Wolfville, 

 April 4; Digby, April 9. Newfoundland —St. George Bay, June 10. 

 Illinois — Chicago, April 18 (median of 16 years, May 5). Ohio — 

 Buckeye Lake, median April 12. Iowa — Waterloo, March 21. 

 North Dakota — Bismarck, April 26. Manitoba — Wawanesa, May 8. 



