444 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 23 7 part i 



Spinus pinus pinus is the wide-ranging subspecies occurring in 

 North America north of Mexico, J. Grinnell (1928a) described it 

 and its intergradation with the Mexican subspecies thus: 



The birds from the northeastern United States and Canada are, in massed 

 series, dark colored, that is, with sharpest and blackest streaking; also they include 

 individuals showing least length of wing. The birds from Arizona, and most of 

 those from California, are of relatively pale coloration, and some of them have 

 longer wing than in any northeastern birds I have examined. Furthermore, there 

 are many individuals, chiefly from southern California, which I cannot distinguish 

 in any respect from Mexican and Lower [= Baja] Calif ornian specimens. * * * 



* * * In other words, the range of variation in southwestern siskins is so great, 

 and the possible average is so elusive, that, despite the macopterus-like individuals 

 among them, I have come to the conclusion * * * [that] all north of Mexico * * * 

 [should be called] Spinus pinus pinus * * * . 



Spinus pinus macopterus (Du Bus) is the Mexican subspecies, about 

 which relatively little is linown. Grinnell (1928a) wrote that, com- 

 pared to the northern one, it "is stated to possess longer wings and 

 tail, and paler, less sharply streaked style of coloration." 



Sutton and Burleigh (1940a) found it common and noisy in pine 

 woods at 8,000-10,000 feet, in early AprU, at Las Vigas, Veracruz. 

 They tools specimens in breeding condition. For the period July 

 26-28, 1942, at 10,500 feet at Cofre de Perote in the same state, W, B. 

 Davis (1945) reported that sisldns "were just entering the breeding 

 season in late July; females contained ova as large as 5 mm. in diameter 

 and the testes of males were considerably enlarged." 



Distribution 

 Northern Pine Siskin (S. p. pinus) 



Range. — Alaska, Mackenzie, Ontario, and Labrador to northern 

 Mexico and Gulf Coast states. 



Breeding range. — The northern pine siskin breeds from central 

 southern Alaska (Iliamna, Chitina Moraine), central western and 

 southern Yukon (Fortymile River, Carcross), central southern 

 Mackenzie (Moose Island), central Saskatchewan (Flotten Lake, 

 Emma Lake), southern Manitoba (Lake St. Martin), northern Ontario 

 (Favourable Lake), central western and southeastern Quebec (Mistas- 

 sini Post, Anticosti Island), southern Labrador (Hamilton Inlet), and 

 Newfoundland south to southern California (San Jacinto Mountains), 

 southeastern Arizona (Mount Wrightson, Graham Mountains), 

 southern New Mexico (Cloudcroft), southwestern Texas, western 

 Oklahoma (Cimarron County), central southern and northeastern 

 Kansas (casual Wichita, Onaga), northwestern Iowa (Sioux City), 

 central Minnesota (Walker, Pine County), northern Wisconsin 

 (Mercer), central Michigan (Kalkaska County), southern Ontario 

 (Guelph), northern Pennsylvania (Hartstown, Monroe County), 

 New York (Tompkins County, Ossining), Connecticut (Hadlyme), 



