72 BULLETIN 188, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



was made known by Boulenger (1903) from a collection in the Patani 

 River by Annandale and Robinson. 



A length of 53 cm. is reported for the East Indies. The largest 

 Thai example, from Nontaburi, was 25 cm. long. 



Genus MACROTREMA Regan 



Macrotrema Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 0, p. 390, 1912. (Type, 

 Symhranchus calU/ans Cantor.) 



MACROTREMA CALIGANS (Cantor) 



Symiranchns culigans Cantob, 1849, p. 1316 (Sea of Pinang). 

 Macrotrema caligans Hora, 1924a, p. 466 (Tale Sap). — Smith, 1934b, p. 324 

 (Bangpakoug River). — Fowlee, 1935a, p. 96 (Bangkok). 



Although this rare fish of the Malay Peninsula and Java is usually 

 rated as a marine species, the records of its occurrence in Thailand 

 indicate that it may also frequent water that is strictly fresh. It was 

 first given a Thai habitat by Hora (1924a) on the basis of one specimen 

 from the mouth of the Tale Sap at Singora, in salt or brackish water, 

 and one from the fresh inner lake of the Tale Sap at Pakpayum. The 

 only other Thai records are for the Bangpakong River, June 25, 1933, 

 where a specimen was found in a pongpang net in water perfectly fresh 

 and very muddy, and for Bangkok one specimen, probably a market 

 fish, listed by Fowler (1935a). 



A maximum length of 20 cm. is reported for this species. The speci- 

 men from the Bangpakong River was 17 cm. long ; its general color was 

 pinkish purple, with the fins carmine; its caudal fin had 15 rays, al- 

 though Cantor's figure as copied by Bleeker (301, vol. 4, p. 119) shows 

 9 rays. 



Order Eventognathi : Carps, minnows, loaches, etc. 



The fishes of this vast cosmopolitan order found in the fresh waters 

 of Thailand fall into four families, which may be recognized by char- 

 acters indicated in the key below. The body is covered with cycloid 

 scales, rarely wholly or partly scaleless; the lateral line is almost 

 always present and complete. The mouth is toothless and the food is 

 restricted in consequence; forms with long, convolute intestines are 

 vegetarian, those with short intestines subsist chiefly on minute ani- 

 mals. Barbels are present or absent. The lower pharyngeal bones are 

 falciform and in all but one of the local families are armed with well- 

 developed teeth, which may be in one to three series. The single dorsal 

 fin is composed largely of soft branched rays, but the anterior rays are 

 unbranched and the last simple ray may be ossified into a spine, which 

 may bear weak or strong denticulations. All the species are oviparous. 



