FRESH-WATER FISHES OF SIAM, OR THAILAND 489 



NANDUS NEBULOSUS (Gray) 



Bedula neMlosus Gray, 1833-34, pi. 88, fig. 2 (no locality given). 

 Nandus neliulosus Fowler, 1934a, p. 155 (Chantabun) ; 1934b, p. 351 (Ban Thung 

 Luang) . 



Outside of Thailand, the fish is known from Malaya, Sumatra, Bor- 

 neo, and other East Indian islands. While found in widely separated 

 localities in Thailand, this species does not appear to be very common 

 anywhere. The first known specimen was obtained by the writer in 

 Bung Borapet, November 20, 1923. The next notice of the fish was in 

 September 1926, when R. Havmoller collected three specimens, the 

 largest 8.5 cm. long, in Huey Sai Nok Riang, a tributary of the river 

 Poon Duang, in Chaiya Province, in the Peninsula. The present au- 

 thor next took three specimens July 4, 1928, in Klong Nakon Noi in the 

 town of Nakon Sritamarat, Peninsular Thailand. In January 1929 a 

 small brook at the base of Kao Sabap near Chantabun, Southeastern 

 area, yielded three specimens, and in April 1920 one specimen was 

 taken in the same stream. A Boy Scout corps sent to the Siamese 

 Bureau of Fisheries two specimens collected in June 1930 at Saiburi on 

 the Menam Sak, central region. More recently, Fowler (1934a, 1934b) 

 has recorded six specimens from Chantabun and two from Ban Thung 

 Luang. 



The maximum size represented by Thailand specimens has been 9.7 

 cm. These were from a stream on Kao Sabap. 



Family TOXOTIDAE: Archerfishes 



Genus TOXOTES Cuvier and Cloquet 



Toxotes CuviEE and Cloquet, Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, ed. 2, vol. 2 

 (Suppl.), p. 116, 1815. (Type, Labrus jaculator Schneider, in Bloeh.) 



The archerfishes have a wide Oriental distribution. From the 

 Philippine Islands and Australia their range extends through the 

 Indo-Australian Archipelago to Malaya, Thailand, French Indo- 

 China, Burma, and India. 



They are readily recognizable by their peculiar shape and color as 

 well as by the extraordinary habit from which they have received their 

 generic and popular names. 



The peculiar mechanism of the archerfishes by which they are able 

 to propel drops of water with force and accuracy seems to have been 

 first determined as late as 1936, when Dr. George S. Myers, then act- 

 ing curator of fishes in the U. S. National Museum, and the writer 

 dissected the mouth parts of specimens of Toxotes in the Museum 

 collection and disclosed the anatomical setting. 



The three local species are similar in general appearance, size, and 

 feeding habits. All are called pla seua (tiger fish) by the Thai, in 



