110 BULLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Caudal axis greatly elevated backward, lobes of lunate fin not very 

 unequal. Caudal pits present. Pectorals large, falciform. Ventrals 

 small. 



Large pelagic sharks, found in all warm seas, though fortunately 

 nowhere met with in abundance, as they are among the strongest 

 and most voracious of all fishes. Fossils known from large detached 

 teeth, some from the bottom of the ocean and of 5 or more inches 

 in length, indicating these fishes have been more abundant in early 

 times than at present. Various Tertiary deposits have also disclosed 

 quantities of large shark teeth of the white shark type. These giants 

 were surely the largest of all fishes, having been estmiated over 

 twice the length of the largest living basking sharks or whale sharks. 

 Bowerbank estimated their total length upw^ard of 88 feet. Such 

 monsters must have rendered incessant the butchery of the majority 

 of other aquatic animals. 



CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS (Linnaeus) 



Squalus carcharias Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 235, 1758 (type lo- 

 cality: Europe) ; ed. 12, vol. 1, p. 400, 1766. — Foeskal, Descript. Animal., 

 pp. viu, 20, 1775 (Djedda).— Gmeun, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, p. 1498, 1789 

 (oceano abysso). — Waxbaum, Artedi Pise, vol. 3, p. 514, 1792 (copied). — 

 FoKSTEaB, Fauna Indica, p. 18, 1795 — LAcifepiiDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 1, p. 

 169, pi. 8, fig. 1, 1798 (Africa).— Blumenbach, Haudb. Naturg., p. 257, 1799. 

 — ScHNEiDEB, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, p. 132, 1801 (copied). — Cuvieb, Regne 

 animal, vol. 2, p. 126, 1817 (reference). — Lichtenstein, Descript. Anim. 

 Forster, p. 256, 1844 (Tanna Island). — Kittlitz, Denkw. Reise Mikronesien, 

 vol. 2, p. 188, 1858 (Bonin Islands). — G. Bennett, Gatherings Nat. Austra- 

 lasia, p. 26, 1860 (Australia). — Jouan, M4m. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, 

 vol. 8, p. 245, 1861 (New Caledonia). 



Carcharodon carcharias Ogilby, Handbook of Sydney, p. 117, 1898. — Jobdan 

 and Snydeh, Annot. Zool. Japon., vol. 3, p. 127, 1901 (off Tokyo). — Jordan 

 and FowLEB, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 624, 1903 (ofe West Hondo 

 near Misaki). — Jordan and E\'EBMAnn, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 23 (1903), 

 pt. 1, p. 44, 1905 (Puna, Hawaii). — Waite, Rec. Canterbury Mus., vol. 1, 

 p. 6, 1907 (reference). — Stead, Fishes of Australia, p. 233, 1908. — Garman, 

 Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 32, pi. 5, figs. 5-9, 1913 (Massachusetts 

 Bay ) .—Ogilby, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 5, p. 74, 1916 (Note). — ^Waite, 

 Rec. South Australian Mus., vol. 2, No. 1, p. 21, fig. 28, 1921.— Phuxipps, 

 New Zealand Journ. Sci. Techn., vol. 6, p. 269, fig. 14, 1924 (New Zealand).— 

 Jordan and Hxjbbs, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, p. 102, 1925 (off Ize). — 

 McCuLLOCH and Whitley, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 129, 

 1925 (reference). — Fowleb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1925, p. 190 

 (BlufE Channel, Natal). — Barnard, Ann. Soutli African Mus., vol. 21, p. 33, 

 pi. 1, fig. 7, 1925 (Cape Seas). — Hebbe, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 26, p. 114, 

 1925 (Camiguin Strait; Malampaya Sound, Palawan). — McCulloch, 

 Fishes New South Wales, ed. 2, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. 23a, 1927.— Fowler, Mem. 

 Bishop Mus., vol. 10, p. 18, fig. 3, 1928 (Hawaiian Islands) ; Proc. 4th (1929) 

 Pacific Sci. Congr., Java, p. 488, 1930 (Hawaii, Atlantic and Indian Oceans). 

 — SoLDATOv and Lindbeeg, Bull. Pac. Sci. Fisher. Inst., vol. 5, p. 12, 1930 

 (Far East Seas). — Tanaka, Jap. Fish. Life Colours, No. 20, 1933. — Fowlee, 



