FISHES OF THE PHmiPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 21 

 HETERODONTUS GALEATUS (Gnnther) 



Cestracion galeattis Guntheb, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., vol. 8, p. 416, 1870 (type 

 locality: Australia [= New South Wales]). 



Heterodontus galeatus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 3, 

 p. 313, pi. 25, 1879 (Rose Bay, Port Jackson). — Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. 

 New South Wales, vol. 5, p. 97, 1880 (Port Jackson).— Maci.eay, Proc. Linn. 

 Soc. New South Wales, vol. 5, p. 302, 1880 (Port Jackson) ; vol. 6, p. 366, 

 1881 (Port Jackson).— 0GII3Y, Cat. Fishes Australian Mus., pt. 1, p. 10, 

 pi. 1, fig. 1 (jaws), 1888 (Port Jackson and Port Stephens). — Waite, 

 Prelim. Rep. Thetis Exped., p. 39, 1898 (egg case at WoUongong and 

 Kiama).— Stead, Fishes of Australia, p. 232, 1908.— Fowleb, Proc. 4th 

 (1929) Pacific Sci. Congr., Java, p. 484, 1930 (reference). 



Gyropleurodus galeatus Ogilby, Handbook of Sydney, p. 117, 1898. — Waite, Mem., 

 Australian Mus., vol. 4, p. 31, 1899 (egg cases at WoUongong and Kiama).— 

 Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 8, vol. 1, p. 495, 1908 (New South Wales). 

 — McCxjixocH, Zool. Res. Endeavour, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 3, 1911 (off Port 

 Stephens, New South Wales, in 43 fathoms). — Ogilby, Mem. Queensland 

 Mus., vol. 5, p. 82, 1916 (Tweed Heads and Byron Bay). — McCulloch and 

 Whitley, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 127, 1925 (reference).— 

 McCulloch, Fishes of New South Wales, ed. 2, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 7a, 1927. 



Centracion galeatus Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 185, 1913 (New 

 South Wales). 



Molochophrys galeatus Whitley, Australian Zool., vol. 6, p. 310, 1931; Mem. 

 Queensland Mus., vol. 10, pt. 4, pp. 182, 197, pi. 27, fig. B, 1934 (off Sandon 

 BlufE, New South Wales). 



Depth 41/^ to 5% to subcaudal origin; head 3% to 5, width II/4 to 

 to 11/3. Snout 1% to 2 in head; eye 4 to 6, 3 to 3l^ in snout, 2% to 

 3 in interorbital, ellipsoid; supraorbital ridges well elevated, expanded 

 outward to overhang orbits, ends abruptly about eye diameter be- 

 hind eye; dentary width 2% to 3% in head; labial groove at mouth 

 angle deep on lower jaw though without long oblique groove back- 

 ward ; lower lip over mandibular symphysis less in width than labial 

 gi'oove of lower jaw; teeth in front of jaws broadly triangular, tri- 

 cuspid, large median cusp much greater than small basal lateral cusp 

 each side and posterior molars ; in young teeth quincuspid, compressed, 

 median cusps largest though all short ; posterior teeth carinate and cari- 

 nae with small cusps, none molar; nostrils level with front of upper 

 dental plate; front nasal valve folded in broad triangular lobe but 

 little less in width than internarial and hind valve forms rounded 

 broad edge external of nostrils, nasoral groove deep; interorbital 

 1% to 2, deeply concave. Gill openings with first largest, twice fifth 

 and all but first above pectoral base. Spiracle very small, barely l^ 

 of pupil, close below and opposite hind orbital edge. 



Scales appear as quadrate tubercles, with 4 roots and capped by 

 short cusp or spine. 



First dorsal origin above or close behind hind basal edges of pec- 

 torals, spine 1% to 2I/2 in fin length which lYs in head or equals head 

 to fifth gill opening in young, hind basal lobe triangular; second 



