FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 189 



Large to moderate or small smooth sharks, known as topes, feed- 

 ing largely on fishes and found in most warm seas. Young about 

 20 to 40 in summer. 



ANALYSIS OF SPECIES 



c\ Front nasal valve with 2 points ; second dorsal and anal fins subequal. 



b\ Fins largely uniform or like upper surface of body australis 



&^ Hind edges of dorsals and pectorals whitish, upper borders of dorsals and 



end of caudal dark galeus 



a'. Front nasal valve with rounded lobe ; second dorsal much larger than anal ; 

 coloration of fins uniform japanicus 



GALEORHINUS AUSTRALIS (Macleay) 



Oaleus australis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 6, pt. 2, 

 p. 354, 1881 (type locality: Port Jackson). — Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New 

 South Wales, vol. 5, p. 96, 1880 (Port Jackson; no description). — McCoy, 

 Prodromus Zool. Victoria, vol. 1, dec. 7, pi. 64, fig. 2, 1882.— Ogixby, Edible 

 Fishes New South Wales, p. 2, 1886; Cat. Fishes Australian Mus., vol. 1, 

 p. 3, 1888 (Port Jackson) ; Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, ser. 2, vol. 3, 

 p. 1769, 1889 (New South Wales north to Port Stephens).— Lucas, Proc. 

 Roy. Soc. Victoria, new ser., vol. 2, p. 42, 1890 (passim). — Waite, Rec. 

 Canterbury Mus., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 7, 1907 ( reference ) .—Zietz, Trans. Roy. Soc. 

 South Australia, vol. 32, p. 290, 1908 (compiled).— Ogilby, Proc. Roy. Soc. 

 Queensland, vol. 21, p. 23, 1908 (Moreton Bay). — Waite, Rec. Canterbury 

 Mus., vol. 1, no. 2, p. 9, pi. 15, 1909 (young) (New Zealand, Chatham Island in 

 13 to 105 fathoms). — McCuixoch, Zool. Res. Endeavour, vol. 1, p. 9, 1911 

 (Oyster Bay, Tasmania). — Regan, Brit. Antarctic Terra Nova Exped., Zool., 

 vol. 1, pt. 1, no. 1, p. 14, 1914 (North Cape, New Zealand). — Ogilby, Mem. 

 Queensland Mus., vol. 5, p. 78, 1916 (Moreton Bay). — Waite, Rec. South 

 Australian Mus., vol. 2, p. 13, fig. 12, 1921. 



Oaleorhinus australis Ogilby, Handbook of Sydney, p. 117, 1898. — Waite, 

 Mem. Australian Mus., vol. 4, p. 34, 1899 (New South Wales). — Hutton, 

 Index Faunae New Zealand, p. 54, 1904. — McCulloch, Proc. Linn. Soc. 

 New South Wales, vol. 46, pt. 4, p. 459, pi. 37, figs. 5-7, 1921 (New South 

 Wales) ; Fishes New South Wales, ed. 2, p. 6, fig. 1927.— Phillipps, New 

 Zealand Journ. Sci. Techn., vol. 6, p. 259, fig. 2, 1924 (New Zealand).— 

 McCulloch and Whitley, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 128, 1925 

 (reference). — Young, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 60, p. 140, 1929 

 (Chatham Island). — Fowler, Proc. 4th (1929) Pacific Sci. Congr., Java, p. 

 490, 1930 (reference). 



Mustelus australis Waite, Mem. New South Wales Nat. Club, no. 2, p. 7, 1904. 



Etigaleus australis Waite and McCulloch, Trans. Roy. Soc. South Australia, 

 vol. 39, p. 460, 1915 (Great Australian Bight, in 22 fathoms). 



Notogaleus australis Whitley, Australian Zoologist, vol. 6, p. 310, 1931 (refer- 

 ence) ; Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 18, p. 324, figs. 3 a-c, 1932; Mem. Queens- 

 land Mus., vol. 10, pt. 4, p. 199, 1934 (reference). 



Oaleus canis (not Mitchill) Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Elasmobr., vol. 1, p. 390, 

 1865 (coasts of New Holland). — GDnther, Cat. Fishes British Mus., vol. 8, 

 p. 379, 1870 (Tasmania). — Hectok, Colonial Mus. Governm. Surv. Dept. 

 (Fishes, New Zealand), p. 81, 1872. — Klunzinger, Arch. Naturg., vol. 38, 

 p. 45, 1872 (Murray River) ; Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. 

 CI., vol. 80, pt. 1, p. 426, 1880 (Murray River). — Johnston, Proc. Roy. 

 Soc. Tasmania, 1882, p. 137, 1883 ; 1890, p. 38, 1891. 



