FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 249 



cusp to each; nostrils large, each 1% in internasal space, wliich 2% 

 in preoral length ; interorbital low, convex. Gill opening small, first 

 largest or about i/^ of eye. Spiracle rather large, or about half of 

 eye, midway between snout tip and last gill opening. 



Upper surfaces with distinct longitudinal keels over-lapping mi- 

 nute denticles of scales, most distinct on tail. Lower surfaces of body 

 roughly denticulate, and without longitudinal keels. Lower side of 

 head about mouth naked. 



First dorsal inserted midway between middle of eye and second 

 dorsal origin, length along front edge 2 in head measured to first gill 

 opening, spine 2l^ in front dorsal edge; second doi-sal entirely pos- 

 terior to ventral, length along front edge 1% in head to first gill 

 opening, spine II/4 in length of front fin edge; caudal long as head, 

 subcaudal 1% in its length; pectoral length 1% in head to first gill 

 opening; ventral 1%, origin midway between first gill opening and 

 subcaudal origin. 



Light brown above, below dark brown. All fins yellowish brown. 



Philippines, in deep water. Differs from Etmopterus lucifer in 

 the broader head, shorter and more obtuse snout, wider mouth, and 

 shorter and broader caudal fin. 



U.S.N.M. No. 70257. Lat. 6°02' N., long. 120°44'40" E.. off Jolo Light, Jolo, in 

 263 fathoms. September 17, 1909. Length, 227 mm. Type. 



ETMOPTERUS PUSILLUS (Lowe) 



Acanthidinm pusiUum Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 91, 1839 (type locality: 



Madeira). 

 Spinax pusillus Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 2, p. 144, 1908 (Misaki, 



to 343 f attorns). 

 Etmopterus pusillus Tanaka, Fishes of Japan, vol. 6, p. 88, pi. 22, figs. 84-88, 



1912 (Misaki).— Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 228, 1913 



(Madeira; Japan). — Izuka and Matsuuea, Cat. Zool. Spec. Tokyo Mus. 



Vertebrata, p. 189, 1920 (Misaki).— Fowleb, Proc. 4th (1929) Pacific Sci. 



Congr., Java, p. 496, 1930 (Japan).— Schmibt, Proc. 4th (1929) Pacific 



Sci. Congr., Java, p. 461, 1930 (luminosity) ; Trans. Pacific Comm. Acad. Sci. 



U.S.S.R., vol. 11, p. 9, fig. 1, 1931 (Misaki). 

 Spinax niger (not Bonaparte) Gray, List fish British Mus., p. 71, 1851 (on 



Lowe). 

 Etmopterus frontiniaculatiis Pietschmann, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 44, 



p. 395, 1907 (type locality: Japan) ; Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.- 



nat. Kl., vol. 117, pt. 1, p. 654, pi. 1, fig. 2, pi. 2, fig. 2, text figs. 1-2, 1908 



(types). 



Depth 7 to subcaudal origin; head 3^%, width li/o. Snout 3% in 

 head; orbit 33^4, 1 in snout, 1% in interorbital; mouth width 1% 

 in head, only very slightly curved, deep groove and short labial folds 

 on both jaws at angles; upper teeth erect, tricuspidate, about 24 rows; 

 lower teeth oblique, points turned aside so inner margin forms cut- 

 ting edge ; nostrils about first third in snout, oblique, internarial 3^3 



